Volatile fatty acid findings in vaginal fluid compared with symptoms, signs, other laboratory results, and susceptibility to tinidazole of malodorous vaginal discharges.

Jokipii, A. M. M.; Jokipii, Liisa; Vesterinen, E; Purola, E; Vartiainen, Eero

doi:10.1136/sti.62.2.102

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The sensitivity of gas-liquid chromatography for detecting an abnormal succinate/lactate ratio or the presence of volatile acids other than acetate is decreased when a chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector is used (211,213) and will also be affected by the method for clinical diagnosis of BV (96). The gas-liquid chromatographic pattern returns to normal within 3 to 7 days after appropriate antimicrobial therapy is begun (103,195).…”

Section: Gas-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition to being detectable by culture and Gram stain, the change from a lactobacillus-dominated vaginal flora to one in which lactobacilli are replaced by a mixed, predominantly anaerobic flora has been detected by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of vaginal fluid (2,96,103,151,195,211,213). Vaginal fluid may be collected either by vaginal wash (2,96,103,195) or on swabs placed in saline or distilled water (151,211,213).…”

Section: Gas-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaginal fluid may be collected either by vaginal wash (2,96,103,195) or on swabs placed in saline or distilled water (151,211,213). Gas-liquid chromatography using a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was first compared with culture and a clinical diagnosis of BV in 1980 (195).…”

Section: Gas-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial vaginosis

1991

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common of the vaginitides affecting women of reproductive age. It appears to be due to an alteration in the vaginal ecology by which Lactobacillus spp., the predominant organisms in the healthy vagina, are replaced by a mixed flora including Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Porphyromonas spp., Mobiluncus spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. All of these organisms except Mobiluncus spp. are also members of the endogenous vaginal flora. While evidence from treatment trials does not support the notion that BV is sexually transmitted, recent studies have shown an increased risk associated with multiple sexual partners. It has also been suggested that the pathogenesis of BV may be similar to that of urinary tract infections, with the rectum serving as a reservoir for some BV-associated flora. The organisms associated with BV have also been recognized as agents of female upper genital tract infection, including pelvic inflammatory disease, and the syndrome BV has been associated with adverse outcome of pregnancy, including premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and fetal loss; postpartum endometritis; cuff cellulitis; and urinary tract infections. The mechanisms by which the BV-associated flora causes the signs of BV are not well understood, but a role for H2O2-producing Lactobacillus spp. in protecting against colonization by catalase-negative anaerobic bacteria has been recognized. These and other aspects of BV are reviewed.

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Section: Gas-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Gas-liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial vaginosis

1991

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“…Their identification was based mainly on colony and Gram stain morphology, the API 20A strip (API System S.A., MontalieuVercieu, France), and the metabolic end product profile in peptone-yeast-glucose broth (12). The gas-chromatographic method has been described previously in detail (15 Inoculum. Fresh colonies were suspended in 1 ml of Schaedler broth (BBL) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, after which time the culture was diluted 1:1,000 in prereduced Schaedler broth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative activity of metronidazole and tinidazole against Clostridium difficile and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

Jokipii¹,

Jokipii²

1987

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Broth dilution MICs of metronidazole against 38 strains of Clostridium difficile (0.13 ,ug/ml) and 11 strains of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (0.11 ,Lg/ml) were lower than those of tinidazole (0.16 and 0.17 ,ug/ml, respectively). As molar concentrations the nitroimidazoles were equally active. The MICs of the two drugs correlated positively, and the relative activity of tinidazole increased with decreasing susceptibility of both species.Metronidazole is active against anaerobic bacteria, and it has been found to be clinically useful in a variety of anaerobic infections. The study of other 5-nitroimidazole drugs may add to therapeutic alternatives and to the understanding of their mechanisms of action. The family comprises numerous drugs, and over 10-fold differences in in vitro activity against Bacteroides fragilis have been reported, even if only the compounds used in human medicine are considered (19,25). Comparative studies have been largely confined to the model pathogen B. fragilis, which has been found to be more susceptible to tinidazole than to metronidazole (7,14,16,19,25,26). The same relationship between the two drugs has been found with Giardia lamblia in vitro (18) and in the treatment of giardiasis (17). These findings show that the differences between closely related 5-nitroimidazoles may be clinically significant and suggest that relative activities against other target organisms might be predictable by generalizations from studies of B. fragilis as a model.A few studies of metronidazole and tinidazole against clostridia and peptostreptococci have revealed that the latter drug may be relatively less active (Table 1), which is evidence against the generalization given above. The reports also show that the interlaboratory variation of the' MIC of either drug greatly exceeds the usual difference between the MICs of the two drugs. Thus, only parallel experiments with metronidazole and tinidazole allow their comparison. To confirm and extend this comparison, we performed such experiments with Clostridium difficile and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacteria. A total of 38 strains of C. difficile were isolated from fecal samples submitted for the diagnosis of antibioticassociated colitis, and 11 strains of P. anaerobius were obtained from various clinical pus samples. Their identification was based mainly on colony and Gram stain morphology, the API 20A strip (API System S.A., MontalieuVercieu, France), and the metabolic end product profile in peptone-yeast-glucose broth (12). The gas-chromatographic method has been described previously in detail (15). P. anaerobius was handled inside an anaerobic cabinet (model 800, anaerobic environmental system; Capco, Sunnyvale, * Corresponding author.Calif.) and incubated in transfer modules (model 830; Capco). To avoid contamination by spores, clostridia were not allowed in the cabinet and C. difficile was incubated in separate premises in the GasPak system (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), which involved exposure to air for a ...

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