“…It signals a transformation in the understanding of their mission to include active participation in the battle against social and racial inequalities in addition to the production of knowledge and the training of professionals traditionally assigned to them. It also signals that Brazilian universities have come to be more clearly perceived as racialized spaces (Carvalho, 2006;Figueiredo, Grosfoguel, 2010;Rosa, Fachini, 2022), with a "history, demography, curriculum, climate, and a set of symbols and traditions that embody and reproduce whiteness and its supremacy" (Bonilla- Silva, Peoples, 2022:1491. The spread of affirmative action can thus be understood as a critical -and effective -strategy in the struggle for racial equality.…”