Vocal Rehabilitation of Paralytic Dysphonia: I. Cartilage Injection into a Paralyzed Vocal Cord

Development of a Closed-Loop Stimulator for Laryngeal Reanimation: Part 2. Device Testing in the Canine Model of Laryngeal Paralysis

“…Bilateral RLN paralysis can also compromise breathing and swallowing. Surgical procedures for unilateral paralysis include varied forms of static reconstruction, including injection medialization [47][48][49][50] of the immobile VF through paraglottic injection of bulking materials (for review see 51 ), transcervical medialization through rearranging the cartilaginous framework, 52,53 repositioning the arytenoid, [54][55][56] and neural anastomosis. 57,58 Although these techniques can provide good outcomes, there is no dynamic restoration of motion, and the results can be inconsistent in the most experienced hands.…”

Preparation Techniques for the Injection of Human Autologous Cartilage: An Ex Vivo Feasibility Study

“…The concept of injecting cartilage into the vocal fold to treat glottal incompetence was introduced by Arnold 3 in 1955. His preparation technique involved using a knife to mince, then a mortar to grind, cartilage pieces into an injectable paste.…”

The Use of Polydimethylsiloxane for Injection Laryngoplasty

“…Paraffin oil, as injected by Bru ¨ning, was soon abandoned due to migration, foreign body reaction, rejection, and recurrent inflammation [2]. Later in the 1950s the use of biological materials was recommended by Arnold, but autologous cartilage and bone flour appeared to be useless because of their rapid resorption [12]. Bovine and autologous collagen are resorbed more slowly but nevertheless almost completely; therefore, in addition to overcorrection making the results unpredictable, a number of reinjections were often necessary over time [1].…”