Vitamin E TPGS-Emulsified Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Restenosis Treatment

Abstract

The structure, physiology, and fate of living cells are all highly sensitive to mechanical forces in the cellular microenvironment, including stresses and strains that originate from encounters with the extracellular matrix (ECM), blood and other flowing materials, and neighbouring cells. This relationship between context and physiology bears tremendous implications for the design of cellular micro-or nanotechnologies, since any attempt to control cell behavior in a device must provide the appropriate physical microenvironment for the desired cell behavior. Cells sense, process, and respond to biophysical cues in their environment through a set of integrated, multi-scale structural complexes that span length scales from single molecules to tens of microns, including small clusters of force-sensing molecules at the cell surface, micron-sized cell-ECM focal adhesion complexes, and the cytoskeleton that permeates and defines the entire cell. This review focuses on several key technologies that have recently been developed or adapted for the study of the dynamics of structural micro-and nanosystems in living cells and how these systems contribute to spatially-and temporally-controlled changes in cellular structure and mechanics. We begin by discussing subcellular laser ablation, which permits the precise incision of nanoscale structural elements in living cells in order to discern their mechanical properties and contributions to cell structure. We then discuss fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescent speckle microscopy, two live-cell fluorescence imaging methods that enable quantitative measurement of the binding and transport properties of specific proteins in the cell. Finally, we discuss methods to manipulate cellular structural networks by engineering the extracellular environment, including microfabrication of ECM distributions of defined geometry and microdevices designed to measure cellular traction forces at micron-scale resolution. Together, these methods form a powerful arsenal that is already adding significantly to our understanding of the nanoscale architecture and mechanics of living cells and may contribute to the rational design of new cellular micro-and nanotechnologies.

Pretreatment with intraluminal rapamycin nanoparticle perfusion inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in a rabbit vein graft model

“…21 Some drugs, including therapeutic antisense, have been loaded into PLGA-NP to prevent or inhibit restenosis in experimental models. [28][29][30] In our preliminary study, we found that carbopol 940 was a good carrier, and the release curve of carbopol-encapsulated RAP-PLGA-NP ex vitro fits the Higuchi model. 23 The present study showed that local intravascular perfusion with RAP-PLGA-NP before grafting had good biocompatibility.…”

Bioaccumulation and Toxic Profiling of Nanostructured Particles and Materials

“…To evaluate cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles composed of poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and coated with PVA and vitamin E TPGS, human colon adenocarcinoma cells were exposed in vitro [52]. It was found that vitamin E TPGS-coated PLGA NPs showed 1.4 folds higher cellular uptake than that of PVA-coated PLGA nanoparticles [53].…”

Restenosis Treatments Using Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems

“…The major pharmacokinetic parameters (peak plasma concentration and total amount of drug delivered) for NK911-incorporated doxorubicin were approximately 36-fold and 29-fold (respectively) higher in plasma than free doxorubicin [47]. Other functional This is a post-print version of the following article: Gu, Zi, Rolfe, Barbara E., Thomas [48][49][50]. Another approach to surfacemodifying polymeric nanoparticles is utilization of positively-charged compounds.…”