Vitamin D status, hypertension and body mass index in an urban black community in Mangaung, South Africa

Lategan, Ronette; Berg, Louise van den; Ilich, Jasminka Z.; Walsh, Corinna M.

doi:10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1210

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Low 25(OH)D concentrations have also been linked to an increased risk of obesity [ 31 ]; however, for the population investigated similar anthropometric markers were observed across differing 25(OH)D status. The lack of association between BMI and 25(OH)D concentrations was reported in another South African study, where recruitment was done in a province that neighbors the one from which we selected our volunteers [ 64 ]. This may indicate that the correlation between anthropometric markers and 25(OH)D status does not apply to black individuals living in South Africa, which necessitates further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women

Myburgh

Towers

Kruger

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are independently associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although an inverse association between these factors has been described, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We postulate that environment–gene interactions, through which 25(OH)D interacts with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CRP gene, modulate CRP; that certain CRP genotypes predispose individuals to a co-phenotype of low 25(OH)D and elevated CRP concentrations; and that this co-phenotype is associated with higher CVD risk. Twelve CRP SNPs were genotyped, and both 25(OH)D and CRP were quantified, in 505 black South African women. Alarmingly, 66% and 60% of the women presented with deficient/insufficient 25(OH)D and elevated CRP concentrations, respectively. CRP concentrations were higher in individuals with lower 25(OH)D concentrations. However, no 25(OH)D–CRP genotype interactions were evident. Several genotypes were associated with an altered risk of presenting with the co-phenotype, indicating a genetic predisposition. Women presenting with this co-phenotype had higher blood pressure and increased anthropometric measures, which may predispose them to develop CVD. We recommend increasing vitamin D fortification and supplementation efforts to reduce inflammation among black women with vitamin D deficiency, thereby possibly curbing diseases contingent on the co-phenotype described here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women

Myburgh

Towers

Kruger

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…39 A study conducted among hypertensive adults in an urban black community in Mangaung found that, despite the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension, vitamin D status appeared to have a protective effect, and those with an adequate vitamin D status appeared to be less vulnerable to hypertension despite an elevated BMI. 40 There appears to be a requirement for increased vitamin D among those with darker skin due to the decreased conversion of vitamin D from sunlight and a reciprocal relationship between vitamin D status and the rate of sputum culture conversion, 41 and seasonal reporting of TB, with higher incidences of TB in the winter months of reduced sunlight. 42 The need for vitamin D supplementation for all adult South Africans is still under review.…”

Section: Requirement For Vitamin D In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescribing patterns of vitamin D and analogues in a private healthcare patient population in South Africa

Morris-Paxton

Truter

2020

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Numerous studies show the benefits of vitamin D: in the prevention of bone disease, supporting the immune system and the prevention and mitigation of cancer. Until recently, supplementation has been deemed unnecessary. Nonetheless, in the light of emerging evidence, some practitioners are adding vitamin D and its analogues (Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification code A11CC) to their prescriptions. Therefore, the aim was to determine the medical insurance prescribing patterns of vitamin D in South Africa. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional drug utilisation study was conducted on a South African medical insurance administrator database for 2018. Products in ATC subgroup A11CC (vitamin D and analogues) were extracted and analysed. Results: A total of 302 patients received 1 164 prescriptions for a vitamin D or analogue product during 2018. The average age of patients was 47.14 (SD = 24.03) years, and the majority were female (58.28%). Very young patients and middle-aged patients received most of the prescriptions. Ergocalciferol (A11CC01) was the most frequently prescribed (59.79%), followed by alfacalcidol (A11CC), colecalciferol (A11CC05) and calcitriol (A11CC04). Ergocalciferol 50 000 IU tablets comprised the most frequently prescribed trade name product (59.45%), followed by alfacalcidol capsules (21.31%). Conclusion: Vitamin D was used across the age range. Vitamin D supplementation was primarily prescribed in the very young and older age groups, suggesting their need for additional supplementation. As the cost of additional supplements is relatively small compared with the treatment of deficiency disorders, vitamin D supplementation could have broad and positive effects on long-term health for very little outlay.

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“…These results are in agreement with some South African and global studies. 19,35,[37][38][39] Not all studies support lower serum 25(OH)D in females, however. 40 Additionally, Hovsepian et al studied vitamin D deficiency in Iran and concluded that women in that region experience more severe vitamin D deficiency than men only because of the clothing restrictions imposed upon them.…”

Section: Gender and 25(oh)dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy young adults living in the Western Cape, South Africa

Visser

Knight

Philips

et al. 2019

South African Family Practice

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is fast emerging as a global pandemic. In South Africa few studies have been conducted to determine the vitamin D status of the healthy population. Methods: This prospective study with an analytical component investigated vitamin D status of healthy undergraduate students at two time points (winter and summer) at Stellenbosch University. Serum 25(OH)D was determined, anthropometric measurements taken and dietary vitamin D intake estimated (food-frequency questionnaire). Skin tone was determined (Fitzpatrick skin type classification), and a skin reflectometry device used to measure dermal melanin content. Results: Results of 242 students indicated a mean serum 25(OH)D of 63.80 ± 41.35 ng/ml and a high prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (88%). Significantly more females experienced suboptimal vitamin D levels than males (18 vs. 5%; p < 0.01). Participants with lighter skin tones had higher levels of 25(OH)D than those with darker skin tones (chi-square = 24.02; p = 0.02). The majority (60.74%) had a normal BMI, although there was no significant relationship between BMI and serum 25 (OH)D (Spearman's r = -0.11; p = 0.09). Total mean dietary vitamin D intake was 7.99 ± 13.81 mcg, with 87.2% having inadequate intake (< 15 mcg). The relationship between total vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D was found to be significant in winter (p < 0.001) and summer (p = 0.01). Serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in the winter phase (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found amongst healthy young adults, despite low dietary vitamin D intakes. Significant relationships were found between serum 25(OH)D and gender, skin tone and vitamin D intake. Further studies need to be conducted, especially in high-risk groups, before results are applied to the greater South African public.

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Vitamin D status, hypertension and body mass index in an urban black community in Mangaung, South Africa

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women

CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women

Prescribing patterns of vitamin D and analogues in a private healthcare patient population in South Africa

Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy young adults living in the Western Cape, South Africa

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