Vitamin D serostatus and dengue fever progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome

Villamor, Eduardo; Villar, Luis; Lozano‐Parra, Anyela; Herrera, Víctor M.; Herrán, Oscar F.

doi:10.1017/s0950268817002059

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Dengue Vitamin D mechanisms discussed [107] Dengue Inverse association between 25(OH)D concentration and progression of disease state [108] Dengue Vitamin D supplementation trial with 1000 and 4000 IU/d. 4000 IU/d resulted in higher resistance to DENV-2 infection.…”

Section: Virus Vitamin D Effect Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

et al. 2020

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The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D 3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D 3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

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Section: Virus Vitamin D Effect Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

et al. 2020

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“…Here, the antimicrobial effects of 1,25(OH) 2 D start within macrophages and extend to epithelial cells where the mechanisms of innate immunity are reinforced to limit the mycobacterial burden . Regarding viral infections, enhanced 25(OH)D levels play a protective role in chronic hepatitis C, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or metapneumovirus respiratory infections, and limit the consequences of infection by Epstein‐Barr virus, group A coxsackievirus, and dengue viruses …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D status, enterovirus infection, and type 1 diabetes in Italian children/adolescents

et al. 2018

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At the time of the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we investigated 82 pediatric cases in parallel with 117 non-diabetic controls matched by age, geographic area, and time of collection. The occurrence of an enteroviral infection was evaluated in peripheral blood using a sensitive method capable of detecting virtually all human enterovirus (EV) types. While non-diabetic controls were consistently EV-negative, 65% of T1D cases carried EVs in blood. The vitamin D status was assessed by measuring the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum. Levels of 25(OH)D were interpreted as deficiency (≤50 nmol/L), insufficiency (52.5-72.5 nmol/L), and sufficiency (75-250 nmol/L). In T1D cases, the median serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 54.4 ± 27.3 nmol/L vs 74.1 ± 28.5 nmol/L in controls (P = .0001). Diabetic children/adolescents showed deficient levels of vitamin D 25(OH)D (ie, 72.5 nmol/L) in 48.8% cases vs 17.9% in non-diabetic controls (P = .0001). Unexpectedly, the median vitamin D concentration was significantly reduced in virus-positive vs virus-negative diabetics (48.2 ± 22.5 vs 61.8 ± 31.2 nmol/L; P = .015), with deficient levels in 58.5% vs 31.0%, respectively. Thus, at the time of clinical onset, EV-positive cases had reduced vitamin D levels compared with EV-negative cases. This could indicate either that the virus-negative children/adolescents had been hit by a non-infectious T1D-triggering event, or that children/adolescents with proper levels of vitamin D had been able to rapidly clear the virus. Thus, it would be important to assess whether adequate vitamin D supplementation before or during the prediabetic phase of T1D may counteract the diabetogenic potential of infectious pathogens.

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“…Among the host factors that could influence the risk of developing DHF/DSS, the nutritional status could play an important role because many nutrients serve key immunomodulatory functions. For example, vitamin E supplementation to patients with DF resulted in increased platelet counts in India (4) ; 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were positively related to severe dengue in Colombia (5) and India (6) whereas 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with DHF/DSS in Nicaragua (7) , and Zn and Cu serostatus were related to dengue disease severity in cross-sectional studies in Indonesia (8) and India (9) . Fatty acids (FA) are salient amidst the nutrients that could affect pathophysiological pathways leading to severe forms of dengue virus (DENV) infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum fatty acids and progression from dengue fever to dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome

et al. 2018

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) might modulate inflammatory responses involved in the development of severe dengue. We aimed to examine whether serum PUFA concentrations in patients diagnosed with dengue fever (DF) were related to the risk of progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever / dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). A secondary aim was to assess correlations between fatty acids (FA) and inflammatory biomarkers in DF patients. We conducted a prospective case-control study nested within a cohort of DF patients who were followed during the acute episode. We compared the distribution of individual FA % of total FA concentration at onset of fever between 109 cases who progressed to DHF/DSS and 235 DF non progressing controls using unconditional logistic regression. We estimated correlations between baseline FA and cytokine concentrations, and compared FA concentrations between the acute episode and >1 y post-convalescence in a subgroup. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was positively related to progression to DHF/DSS (multivariable adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for DHA in quintile 5 vs. 1 = 5.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03, 14.1; P, trend = 0.007). Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) was inversely associated with progression (AOR for quintile 5 vs. 1 = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.69; P, trend = 0.007). Pentadecanoic acid concentrations were inversely related to DHF/DSS. Correlations of PUFA with cytokines at baseline were low. PUFA were lower during the acute episode than in a disease-free period. In conclusion, serum DHA in DF patients predicts higher odds of progression to DHF/DSS whereas DGLA and pentadecanoic acid predict lower odds.

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Vitamin D serostatus and dengue fever progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Vitamin D status, enterovirus infection, and type 1 diabetes in Italian children/adolescents

Serum fatty acids and progression from dengue fever to dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome

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