Vitamin D Immunomodulatory Role in Chronic and Acute Viral Diseases

Azmi, Hasna; Hassou, Najwa; Ennaji, Moulay Mustapha

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819400-3.00022-3

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Vitamin D is one of the main supplements proven to play a key role in the immune system and help regulate several physiological systems and pathways in the body [23]. Currently, the body of data confirms that deficiency of this steroid hormone directly correlates with viral infections and perhaps a severe form of COVID-19 [24,25]. Although very effective and widely available, the fat-soluble vitamin D, like other fat-soluble vitamins, has a slight potency for toxicity when taken in amounts much higher than the recommended daily doses (400-2000 IU per day) [23].…”

Section: Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Poisonings Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vahabzadeh

Mostafazadeh

2021

IJMTFM

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Background: Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, a new problem has appeared in the healthcare facilities: toxicities and poisonings caused by medications and home remedies, by which people have been trying to protect themselves from acquiring the virus. The authors of this paper aim to notify the global scientific society of several substances and medications that either have led to poisonings thus far or have the potential for an outbreak. Methods: Medical English literature reporting cases of poisonings during this pandemic between January and December 2020. Substances and drugs that could be a potential concern to public health are also reviewed. Results: Alcohols and chemical substances have been the main causes of poisonings during this pandemic. Opioids, household products and herbal remedies were partly to blame. Global spread of incorrect information related to the COVID-19 prevention and treatment is a major risk to human lives, particularly in this difficult situation where healthcare systems are overwhelms with high rate of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: As additional waves of the coronaviruses may hit countries in the upcoming winter, confinements may as well continue. Therefore, emergency physicians must be prepared for possible outbreaks of poisonings and be able to predict any unusual pattern of toxicities.

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Section: Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Poisonings Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vahabzadeh

Mostafazadeh

2021

IJMTFM

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“…This activation is linked to the production and expression regulation of antimicrobial peptides such as α- and β-defensins and cathelicidins. 30 , 87 This is one of the important roles played by vitamin D in the regulation of the immune system and confers critical antimicrobial functions and immunomodulatory activities in innate and adaptive immunity. 88–93 …”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Vitamin D In Mitigating Covid-19 Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although for years vitamin D was considered as a food constituent playing an important role in bone metabolism, to date, it is known as a steroid hormone with important regulatory roles in different physiological systems and pathways of the human body, including the immune system. 29 , 30 Compelling evidence from around the world has illustrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and different infectious diseases, predominantly viral infections accompanied by a poor response to the standard treatments. 30–34 Different clinical trials have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of pulmonary infection, which is supported by various laboratory experimental studies highlighting different mechanisms, including the negative regulatory role of vitamin D on the renin-angiotensin signaling pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 29 , 30 Compelling evidence from around the world has illustrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and different infectious diseases, predominantly viral infections accompanied by a poor response to the standard treatments. 30–34 Different clinical trials have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of pulmonary infection, which is supported by various laboratory experimental studies highlighting different mechanisms, including the negative regulatory role of vitamin D on the renin-angiotensin signaling pathway. Vitamin D is produced in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol by ultraviolet radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation with vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic?

Hadizadeh

2020

Nutrition Reviews

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 has high transmissibility and could result in acute lung injury in a fraction of patients. By counterbalancing the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is the fusion receptor of the virus, plays a protective role against the development of complications of this viral infection. Vitamin D can induce the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and regulate the immune system through different mechanisms. Epidemiologic studies of the relationship between vitamin D and various respiratory infections were reviewed and, here, the postulated mechanisms and clinical data supporting the protective role of vitamin D against COVID-19–mediated complications are discussed.

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“…Apart from its classical role in calcium and bone homeostasis, a modulatory role of vitamin D in immunity, inflammation and epithelial repair has previously been described (68,69). The active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 [1,25(Oh) A growing number of studies have demonstrated that vitamin d can contribute to the defense against viral infections; notably, acute upper respiratory tract infections (21,(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80). Indeed, 1,25(Oh) 2 d 3 has been shown to exert antiviral effects, either directly by inhibiting viral replication, or via an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mode of action (69,81).…”

Section: Vitamin D In Respiratory Antiviral Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the roles of vitamin D status and melanin during Covid‑19 (Review)

et al. 2020

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As the coronavirus disease 2019 (cOVId-19) continues to spread worldwide, it has become evident that the morbidity and mortality rates clearly vary across nations. Although several factors may account for this disparity, striking differences within and between populations indicate that ethnicity might impact COVID-19 clinical outcomes, reflecting the 'color of disease'. Therefore, the role of key biological variables that could interplay with viral spreading and severity indices has attracted increasing attention, particularly among non-caucasian populations. Although the links between vitamin d status and the incidence and severity of cOVId-19 remain elusive, several lines of emerging evidence suggest that vitamin d signaling, targeting several immune-mediated pathways, may offer potential benefits at different stages of SARS-coV-2 infection. Given that the vitamin d status is modulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including skin type (pigmentation), melanin polymers may also play a role in variable cOVId-19 outcomes among diverse population settings. Moreover, apart from the well-known limiting effects of melanin on the endogenous production of vitamin d, the potential crosstalk between the pigmentary and immune system may also require special attention concerning the current pandemic. The present review article aimed to shed light on a range of mostly overlooked host factors, such as vitamin d status and melanin pigments, that may influence the course and outcome of cOVId-19. Contents 1. Introduction 2. SARS-coV-2 infection 3. cOVId-19 in skin of color 4. Potential role of melanin in the era of cOVId-19 5. Vitamin d in respiratory antiviral defense 6. Implications of vitamin d for cOVId-19 7. conclusions

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Vitamin D Immunomodulatory Role in Chronic and Acute Viral Diseases

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Clinical Poisonings Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Clinical Poisonings Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Supplementation with vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic?

Unraveling the roles of vitamin D status and melanin during Covid‑19 (Review)

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