Vitamin A Requirements in Pregnancy and Lactation

Gannon, Bryan M; Jones, Camille; Mehta, Saurabh

doi:10.1093/cdn/nzaa142

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…In adult males, the recommended daily intake is 900 RAE, while for females, pregnant and lactating women, the recommended levels vary between 700 and 1300 RAE, with the highest being for lactating women. As mentioned, adequate vitamin A levels are key factors for the correct development of the fetus and, later, for the correct alimentation of the newborn [ 326 ].…”

Section: Vitamin a Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity

et al. 2021

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Vitamin A is a group of vital micronutrients widely present in the human diet. Animal-based products are a rich source of the retinyl ester form of the vitamin, while vegetables and fruits contain carotenoids, most of which are provitamin A. Vitamin A plays a key role in the correct functioning of multiple physiological functions. The human organism can metabolize natural forms of vitamin A and provitamin A into biologically active forms (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid), which interact with multiple molecular targets, including nuclear receptors, opsin in the retina and, according to the latest research, also some enzymes. In this review, we aim to provide a complex view on the present knowledge about vitamin A ranging from its sources through its physiological functions to consequences of its deficiency and metabolic fate up to possible pharmacological administration and potential toxicity. Current analytical methods used for its detection in real samples are included as well.

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Section: Vitamin a Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity

et al. 2021

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“…At the current time, it is unknown what TLR supports optimal immune function, but VA supplementation enhanced T-regulatory cells in low birth weight Bangladeshi infants. 67 Furthermore, maternal VA status affects fetal immunity structure; 57 however, it is unknown if this is associated with maternal TLR storage or immediate VA supplementation effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…56 The effect of maternal VA status on offspring is not entirely known. 57 In piglets, retention of high dose VA supplements was lower when the mothers had a greater degree of VAD. 58 Poorer retention in the liver was observed with moderate VA doses (25,000 and 50,000 IU) in piglets from mothers on a VAD depletion regimen for a longer period (11-17% retention) than in those whose mothers had better VA status (35-38% retention).…”

Section: Current Dietary Reference Intakes Are Too Highmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological evidence to define a vitamin A deficiency cutoff using total liver vitamin A reserves

Tanumihardjo

2021

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in essential functions including growth, immunity, reproduction, and vision. The vitamin A Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for North Americans suggested that a minimally acceptable total liver vitamin A reserve (TLR) is 0.07 µmol/g, which is not explicitly expressed as a vitamin A deficiency cutoff. The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development panel set the TLR cutoff for vitamin A deficiency at 0.1 µmol/g based on changes in biological response of several physiological parameters at or above this cutoff. The criteria used to formulate the DRIs include clinical ophthalmic signs of vitamin A deficiency, circulating plasma retinol concentrations, excretion of vitamin A metabolites in the bile, and long-term storage of vitamin A as protection against vitamin A deficiency during times of low dietary intake. This review examines the biological responses that occur as TLRs are depleted. In consideration of all of the DRI criteria, the review concludes that induced biliary excretion and long-term vitamin A storage do not occur until TLRs are >0.10 µmol/g. If long-term storage is to continue to be part of the DRI criteria, vitamin A deficiency should be set at a minimum cutoff of 0.10 µmol/g and should be set higher during times of enhanced requirements where TLRs can be rapidly depleted, such as during lactation or in areas with high infection burden. In population-based surveys, cutoffs are important when using biomarkers of micronutrient status to define the prevalence of deficiency and sufficiency to inform public health interventions. Considering the increasing use of quantitative biomarkers of vitamin A status that indirectly assess TLRs, i.e. the modified-relative-dose response and retinol-isotope dilution tests, setting a TLR as a vitamin A deficiency cutoff is important for users of these techniques to estimate vitamin A deficiency prevalence. Future researchers and policymakers may suggest that DRIs should be set with regard to optimal health and not merely to prevent a micronutrient deficiency.

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“…Contribuye con la regulación de la recepción de estímulos luminosos en la retina, responsable de la integridad de las membranas celulares y de la biosíntesis de melanina -colágeno, afectando el estado de la piel, cabello y uñas. Sus efectos antiinflamatorios y antiproliferativos contribuyen a la prevención del cáncer de colon, mama, próstata y pulmón (30) .…”

Section: Vitamina Aunclassified

“…Las fuentes alimenticias más ricas incluyen al aceite de pescado, hígado, leche, productos lácteos, yema de huevo. El requerimiento de las embarazadas es de 770 µg/día y debe ser suplementada solo en casos muy específicos de enfermedades del tracto digestivo, inmunodeficiencia, estrés crónico o dieta deficiente en grasas (30) .…”

Section: Vitamina Aunclassified

Consumo de micronutrientes durante el embarazo y la lactancia

Mejia-Montilla

Reyna-Villasmil

2021

Rev peru ginecol obstet.

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El estado nutricional adecuado de la mujer antes, durante y después del embarazo es fundamental para evitar complicaciones tanto obstétricas como perinatales. Los micronutrientes son esenciales para el desarrollo materno y fetal. El embarazo tiene una demanda metabólica especial de nutrientes de alta calidad. Además, la ingesta adecuada de micronutrientes puede mejorar directamente la calidad de la leche materna. Los suplementos pueden satisfacer la creciente demanda de estos elementos durante el embarazo y la lactancia, reduciendo el riesgo de anomalías congénitas fetales, patologías obstétricas y desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas en la edad adulta. Sin embargo, existe información contradictoria sobre la eficacia y seguridad de los suplementos nutricionales durante el embarazo. Es importante que el personal médico pueda brindar consejos precisos y adecuados basados en evidencia sobre el consumo de suplementos durante el embarazo, ya que no todas las embarazadas necesitan utilizar suplementos en forma regular, pero es necesario identificar a las embarazadas con riesgo de presentar alguna deficiencia. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los efectos del consumo de micronutrientes en el embarazo y la lactancia.

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Vitamin A Requirements in Pregnancy and Lactation

Cited by 23 publications

References 204 publications

Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity

Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity

Biological evidence to define a vitamin A deficiency cutoff using total liver vitamin A reserves

Consumo de micronutrientes durante el embarazo y la lactancia

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