Visuomotor Areas of the Frontal Lobe

Schall, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_13

Cited by 139 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 467 publications

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“…The above conclusion is contrary to findings from experimental studies in monkeys that provide precise information about the organization of both the visuomotor hand/arm conditional region of the dorsal premotor cortex and the FEF in the caudal lateral frontal cortex Schall, 1997;Tehovnik et al, 2000;Rizzolatti and Luppino, 2001;Dum and Strick, 2002). In the monkey, these two functional loci are known to be close to each other but clearly distinct.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…Many previous functional neuroimaging studies (for review, see Grosbras et al, 2005) had reported that the intersection of the SPS with the caudal end of the SFS is the homolog of the FEF that had originally been established, on the basis of electrophysiological studies, in the monkey Schall, 1997;Tehovnik et al, 2000). At the same time, other functional neuroimaging studies reported this same intersection of the SPS with the SFS to be the focus of premotor hand/ arm conditional activity (Deiber et al, 1997;Grafton et al, 1998;Toni et al, 1999;Kurata et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Local Morphology Predicts Functional Organization of the Dorsal Premotor Region in the Human Brain

et al. 2006

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A confusing picture of the functional organization of the dorsal premotor region of the human brain emerged when functional neuroimaging studies that either examined visuomotor hand conditional activity or attempted to localize the human frontal eye field reported activity increases at the same general location, namely the junction of the superior precentral sulcus with the superior frontal sulcus. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined visuomotor hand conditional activity and the locus of the frontal eye field as defined by a standard task, on a subject-by-subject basis, to clarify their location and reveal relationships between the pattern of local morphology and functional activity. The results demonstrate that visuomotor hand conditional activity and the frontal eye field lie within distinct parts of the superior precentral sulcus, revealing an organization of the human premotor cortex consistent with that observed in experimental studies in the monkey.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Local Morphology Predicts Functional Organization of the Dorsal Premotor Region in the Human Brain

et al. 2006

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“…After the behavioral responses, neural activity independently related to decisions and outcomes was described in the caudate nucleus (Lau and Glimcher, 2007), and the integration of decisions and outcomes in the same neurons was found in the SEF (Uchida et al, 2007) and PFC (Lee, 2006). The FEF is an important node in these oculomotor tasks because it participates in the transformation of visual signals into saccade motor commands (for review, see Schall, 1997). Third, the same PMv neurons that reflect correct and incorrect decisions during the comparison period also reflect whether the motor report was correct or incorrect.…”

Section: Neural Correlates Of the Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Decisions and Their Outcomes in the Ventral Premotor Cortex

Pardo-Vázquez¹,

Leborán²,

Acuña³

2008

J. Neurosci.

105

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Selection of the appropriate action in a changing environment involves a chain of events that goes from perception through decision to action and evaluation of the outcomes. What and where in the brain are the correlates of these events? The ventral premotor cortex (PMv) is a candidate because (1) it is involved in sensory transformations for visually guided actions and in perceptual decisions, and (2) it is connected with sensory, motor, and high-level cognitive areas related to performance monitoring. Therefore, we hypothesized that it would be the site for representing sensory perception for action and for evaluating the decision consequences. Trained monkeys were required to discriminate the orientation of two lines showed in sequence and separated by a delay. Monkeys compared the orientation of the second line with the memory trace of the first and communicated whether the second was to the left or to the right of the first. Here we show that the activity of PMv neurons reflected (1) the first stimuli and its memory trace during the delay and comparison periods, (2) its comparison with the second stimuli, including the strength of the evidence, and (3) the result of the discrimination (choice). After the monkeys reported the choice, there were neurons that only encoded the choices, others only the outcomes, and others the choices and outcomes together. The representation of task cues, decision variables, and their outcomes suggest a role of PMv as part of a supervisory network involved in shaping future behavior and in learning.

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“…They named this region the supplementary eye field. We and others (Mann et al 1988;Bon and Lucchetti 1992;Heinen 1995) use the anatomical designation, dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) (issues of nomenclature are reviewed by Tehovnik 1995 andSchall 1997). Regardless of terminology, the areas near the frontal midline that have been studied by oculomotor physiologists overlap with one another ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible inactivation of macaque dorsomedial frontal cortex: effects on saccades and fixations

Sommer

Tehovnik

1999

Experimental Brain Research

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Neural recording and electrical stimulation results suggest that the dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) of macaque is involved in oculomotor behavior. We reversibly inactivated the DMFC using lidocaine and examined how saccadic eye movements and fixations were affected. The inactivation methods and monkeys were the same as those used in a previous study of the frontal eye field (FEF), another frontal oculomotor region. In the first stage of the present study, monkeys performed tasks that required the generation of single saccades and fixations. During 15 DMFC inactivations, we found only mild, infrequent deficits. This contrasts with our prior finding that FEF inactivation causes severe, reliable deficits in performance of these tasks. In the second stage of the study, we investigated whether DMFC inactivation affected behavior when a monkey was required to make more than one saccade and fixation. We used a double-step task: two targets were flashed in rapid succession and the monkey had to make two saccades to foveate the target locations. In each of five experiments, DMFC inactivation caused a moderate, significant deficit. Both ipsi-and contraversive saccades were disrupted. In two experiments, the first saccades were made to the wrong place and had increased latencies. In one experiment, first saccades were unaffected, but second saccades were made to the wrong place and had increased latencies. In the remaining two experiments, specific reasons for the deficit were not detected. Saline infusions into DMFC had no effect. Inactivation of FEF caused a larger double-step deficit than did inactivation of DMFC. The FEF inactivation impaired contraversive first or second saccades of the sequence. In conclusion, our results suggest that the DMFC makes an important contribution to generating sequential saccades and fixations but not single saccades and fixations. Compared with the FEF, the DMFC has a weaker, less directional, more task-dependent oculomotor influence. Key words Saccadic eye movements · Fixations · Dorsomedial frontal cortex · Supplementary eye field · Frontal eye field · Reversible inactivation IntroductionThe oculomotor properties of cortex near the frontal midline of macaque were first examined in detail by Schlag and Schlag-Rey (1987). They named this region the supplementary eye field. We and others (Mann et al. 1988;Bon and Lucchetti 1992;Heinen 1995) use the anatomical designation, dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) (issues of nomenclature are reviewed by Tehovnik 1995 andSchall 1997). Regardless of terminology, the areas near the frontal midline that have been studied by oculomotor physiologists overlap with one another (Fig. 1A; for a more detailed comparison see Tehovnik 1995). The experiments of this report were specifically carried out on the DMFC as mapped using electrical stimulation (Tehovnik and Lee 1993; see Fig. 1A); this defines an area that includes large portions of the regions examined by other investigators.In this report, we focus on the contribution of the macaque DMFC ...

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Visuomotor Areas of the Frontal Lobe

Cited by 139 publications

References 467 publications

Local Morphology Predicts Functional Organization of the Dorsal Premotor Region in the Human Brain

Local Morphology Predicts Functional Organization of the Dorsal Premotor Region in the Human Brain

Neural Correlates of Decisions and Their Outcomes in the Ventral Premotor Cortex

Reversible inactivation of macaque dorsomedial frontal cortex: effects on saccades and fixations

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