Visualization of the biochemical markers of atherosclerotic plaque with the use of Raman, IR and AFM

1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), the major endogenous metabolite of nicotinic acid (NicA), may partially contribute to the vasoprotective properties of NicA. Here we compared the antiatherosclerotic effects of MNA and NicA in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)/ low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice. ApoE/ LDLR 2/2 mice were treated with MNA or NicA (100 mg/kg). Plaque size, macrophages, and cholesterol content in the brachiocephalic artery, endothelial function in the aorta, systemic inflammation, platelet activation, as well as the concentration of MNA and its metabolites in plasma and urine were measured. MNA and NicA reduced atherosclerotic plaque area, plaque inflammation, and cholesterol content in the brachiocephalic artery. The antiatherosclerotic actions of MNA and NicA were associated with improved endothelial function, as evidenced by a higher concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1a and nitrite/nitrate in the aortic ring effluent, inhibition of platelets (blunted thromboxane B 2 generation), and inhibition of systemic inflammation (lower plasma concentration of serum amyloid P, haptoglobin). NicA treatment resulted in an approximately 2-fold higher concentration of MNA and its metabolites in urine and a 4-fold higher nicotinamide/MNA ratio in plasma, compared with MNA treatment. In summary; MNA displays pronounced antiatherosclerotic action in ApoE/LDLR 2/2 mice, an effect associated with an improvement in prostacyclin-and nitric oxide-dependent endothelial function, inhibition of platelet activation, inhibition of inflammatory burden in plaques, and diminished systemic inflammation. Despite substantially higher MNA availability after NicA treatment, compared with an equivalent dose of MNA, the antiatherosclerotic effect of NicA was not stronger. We suggest that detrimental effects of NicA or its metabolites other than MNA may limit beneficial effects of NicA-derived MNA.

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“…The latter is generally characteristic of unsaturated aliphatic compounds (Kodali et al, 1991;Wrobel et al, 2011;Marzec et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiatherosclerotic Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide in Apolipoprotein E/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice: A Comparison with Nicotinic Acid

Mateuszuk

Jasztal

Maślak

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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“…Furthermore, parts of the tissue will inherently have different elasticity and will be cut in different ways. This fact has even 185 further implications, since a drying section will change its thickness according to its elasticity parameters, as has been recently shown by AFM measurements [28]. The effects on the EFSW of a 1 µm variation on a spectrum of a 1.5 µm sample and 2.5 variation on 10 µm sample are shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Thickness Averagingmentioning

confidence: 67%

Electric field standing wave effects in FT-IR transflection spectra of biological tissue sections: Simulated models of experimental variability

Wróbel

Wajnchold

Byrne³

et al. 2013

Vibrational Spectroscopy

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“…[58] Diffusion reflection (DR) with GNP [59] Others Raman, IR (Infrared) and AFM (Atomic force microscopy) imaging [49,60] [63]. DR might be used for detection of AS plaques, prediction of disease course and therapy monitoring.…”

Section: Novel Approach For In Vivo Imaging Of As Plaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle uptake by macrophages in vulnerable plaques for atherosclerosis diagnosis

Melzer

Ankri

Fixler

et al. 2015

Journal of Biophotonics

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The composition of atherosclerotic (AS) plaques is crucial concerning rupture, thrombosis and clinical events. Two plaque types are distinguished: stable and vulnerable plaques. Vulnerable plaques are rich in inflammatory cells, mostly only M1 macrophages, and are highly susceptible to rupture. These plaques represent a high risk particularly with the standard invasive diagnosis by coronary angiography. So far there are no non‐invasive low‐risk clinical approaches available to detect and distinguish AS plaque types in vivo. The perspective review introduces a whole work‐flow for a novel approach for non‐invasive detection and classification of AS plaques using the diffusion reflection method with gold nanoparticle loaded macrophages in combination with flow and image cytometric analysis for quality assurance. Classical biophotonic methods for AS diagnosis are summarized. Phenotyping of monocytes and macrophages are discussed for specific subset labelling by nanomaterials, as well as existing studies and first experimental proofs of concept for the novel approach are shown.

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Visualization of the biochemical markers of atherosclerotic plaque with the use of Raman, IR and AFM

Cited by 66 publications

References 55 publications

Antiatherosclerotic Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide in Apolipoprotein E/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice: A Comparison with Nicotinic Acid

Antiatherosclerotic Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide in Apolipoprotein E/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice: A Comparison with Nicotinic Acid

Electric field standing wave effects in FT-IR transflection spectra of biological tissue sections: Simulated models of experimental variability

Nanoparticle uptake by macrophages in vulnerable plaques for atherosclerosis diagnosis

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