Visualization of cyanogenic glycosides in floral tissues

Ritmejerytė, Edita; Miller, Rebecca E.; Bayly, Michael J.; Boughton, Berin A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816460-0.00004-6

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Plant material was either posted for next day delivery to our laboratory in sealed plastic bags with moist paper towels or kept fresh and transported back to the laboratory on ice in a cold box in sealed plastic bags. Samples were refrigerated until dissected for chemical analysis 1–2 days after field collection [ 18 , 69 ]. Florets of most species were dissected at immature or partially open flower stages prior to anther dehiscence ( S1 Fig ), but for four species ( H .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…speciosissima and Polyscias australiana (F.Muell.) (Araliaceae), which was used as a reference of known CNglyc composition, CNglycs were extracted using the hot methanol procedure [ 17 , 18 , 71 ]. Extracts of T .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bucculenta , a species with high CNglycs in leaves and inflorescences, were imaged to examine the potential for CNglyc transport. Sections were imaged using the methods and instrument settings identical to those described in [ 17 , 18 ]. The area selected for imaging was defined using flexImaging software (v4.1, Bruker, Bremen, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the allocation of resources to floral chemical defence may be substantial given concentrations of these metabolites in floral tissues can be high [e.g. 14 , 16 – 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a recently developed robust method to visualise the localisation of these labile glycosides [ 50 ] enables the use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) to examine CNglyc localisation within floral tissues and explore the potential function(s) of CNglycs in these tissues [e.g. 17 , 18 , 39 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse organ-specific localisation of a chemical defence, cyanogenic glycosides, in flowers of eleven species of Proteaceae

et al. 2023

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Floral chemical defence strategies remain under-investigated, despite the significance of flowers to plant fitness. We used cyanogenic glycosides (CNglycs)—constitutive secondary metabolites that deter herbivores by releasing hydrogen cyanide, but also play other metabolic roles—to ask whether more apparent floral tissues and those most important for fitness are more defended as predicted by optimal defence theories, and what fine-scale CNglyc localisation reveals about function(s)? Florets of eleven species from the Proteaceae family were dissected to quantitatively compare the distribution of CNglycs within flowers and investigate whether distributions vary with other floral/plant traits. CNglycs were identified and their localisation in florets was revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We identified extremely high CNglyc content in floral tissues of several species (>1% CN), highly tissue-specific CNglyc distributions within florets, and substantial interspecific differences in content distributions, not all consistent with optimal defence hypotheses. Four patterns of within-flower CNglyc allocation were identified: greater tissue-specific allocations to (1) anthers, (2) pedicel (and gynophore), (3) pollen presenter, and (4) a more even distribution among tissues with higher content in pistils. Allocation patterns were not correlated with other floral traits (e.g. colour) or taxonomic relatedness. MALDI-MSI identified differential localisation of two tyrosine-derived CNglycs, demonstrating the importance of visualising metabolite localisation, with the diglycoside proteacin in vascular tissues, and monoglycoside dhurrin across floral tissues. High CNglyc content, and diverse, specific within-flower localisations indicate allocations are adaptive, highlighting the importance of further research into the ecological and metabolic roles of floral CNglycs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the allocation of resources to floral chemical defence may be substantial given concentrations of these metabolites in floral tissues can be high [e.g. 14 , 16 – 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse organ-specific localisation of a chemical defence, cyanogenic glycosides, in flowers of eleven species of Proteaceae

et al. 2023

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Spatially resolved detection of small molecules from press‐dried plant tissue using MALDI imaging

Long,

Le,

Katz

et al. 2023

Appl Plant Sci

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PremiseMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) is a chemical imaging method that can visualize spatial distributions of particular molecules. Plant tissue imaging has so far mostly used cryosectioning, which can be impractical for the preparation of large‐area imaging samples, such as full flower petals. Imaging unsectioned plant tissue presents its own difficulties in extracting metabolites to the surface due to the waxy cuticle.MethodsWe address this by using established delipidation techniques combined with a solvent vapor extraction prior to applying the matrix with many low‐concentration sprays.ResultsUsing this procedure, we imaged tissue from three different plant species (two flowers and one carnivorous plant leaf). Material factorization analysis of the resulting data reveals a wide range of plant‐specific small molecules with varying degrees of localization to specific portions of the tissue samples, while facilitating detection and removal of signal from background sources.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates applicability of MALDI‐MSI to press‐dried plant samples without freezing or cryosectioning, setting the stage for spatially resolved molecule identification. Increased mass resolution and inclusion of tandem mass spectrometry are necessary next steps to allow more specific and reliable compound identification.

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Visualization of cyanogenic glycosides in floral tissues

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Diverse organ-specific localisation of a chemical defence, cyanogenic glycosides, in flowers of eleven species of Proteaceae

Diverse organ-specific localisation of a chemical defence, cyanogenic glycosides, in flowers of eleven species of Proteaceae

Spatially resolved detection of small molecules from press‐dried plant tissue using MALDI imaging

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