Visual Space Perception

Sedgwick, H. A.

doi:10.1002/9780470753477.ch5

Cited by 70 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Sedgwick (1986) proposed that the perceiver's eye height provides a metric for size perception. By relating the visual angles from the top and from the bottom of an object to the eye-heightdefined horizon, one can calculate the size of the object as a proportion of the eye's elevation.…”

Section: Body Scaling In Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool Use Affects Perceived Distance, But Only When You Intend to Use It.

Witt¹,

Proffítt²,

Epstein³

2005

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

340

405

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Recent research demonstrates neurologic and behavioral differences in people's responses to the space that is within and beyond reach. The present studies demonstrated a perceptual difference as well. Reachability was manipulated by having participants reach with and without a tool. Across 2 conditions, in which participants either held a tool or not, targets were presented at the same distances. Perceived distances to targets within reach holding the tool were compressed compared with targets that were beyond reach without it. These results suggest that reachability serves as a metric for perception. The 3rd experiment found that reachability only influenced perceived distance when the perceiver intended to reach. These experiments suggest that the authors perceive the environment in terms of our intentions and abilities to act within it.

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Section: Body Scaling In Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool Use Affects Perceived Distance, But Only When You Intend to Use It.

Witt¹,

Proffítt²,

Epstein³

2005

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

340

405

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to the size distance invariance hypothesis (SDIH), perceived size (S') is a function of both the perceived distance (D') and the angular size of a target (α): S' = 2D'tan(α/2) (Gilinsky, 1951;Sedgwick, 1986). Consequently, for a constant angular size, increases in perceived distance should result in proportional increases in the perceived size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Energy Expenditure Affect the Perception of Egocentric Distance? A Failure to Replicate Experiment 1 of Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, and Epstein (2003)

Hutchison

Loomis

2006

Span. J. Psychol.

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In a series of recent studies, Proffitt and his colleagues have reported that the perceived distance to a target is influenced by the energy expenditure associated with any action, such as walking or throwing, for spanning the distance to the target. In particular, Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, and Epstein (2003) reported that wearing a heavy backpack caused verbal reports of distance to increase. We conducted a study to determine whether three responses dependent on perceived distance (verbal report of distance, blind walking, and estimates of object size) are influenced by the backpack manipulation. In two experiments, one involving a between-participants design and the other involving a within-participants design, we found that none of the three responses were influenced by the wearing of a heavy backpack. Keywords: distance perception, energy expenditureEn una serie reciente de trabajos, Proffitt y sus colegas informaron de que la distancia a la que se percibe una estimulación diana se ve afectada por el gasto de energía asociado a la realización de cualquier acción, como andar o lanzar un objeto, que pueda realizarse para cubrir la distancia hasta la estimulación diana. Concretamente, Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton y Epstein (2003) afirmaron que llevar una mochila pesada hizo que se incrementasen los informes verbales sobre la distancia. Realizamos un estudio para verificar si tres respuestas que dependen de la distancia percibida (informe verbal de distancia, andar a ciegas y estimaciones del tamaño de un objeto) son afectadas por el uso de la mochila. En dos experimentos, uno con un diseño inter-participantes y el otro con un diseño intra-participantes, encontramos que ninguna de las tres respuestas era afectada por llevar una mochila pesada. Palabras clave: percepción de la distancia, gasto de energía

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“…A seminal example of how the body can serve as a perceptual ruler was provided by Sedgwick (1986), who demonstrated how the observer's eye-height can be used to calculate the heights of objects. When gazing straight ahead in the environment, the observer's line of sight corresponds to the horizon line; the height of any object where it intersects the horizon line is the same as the perceiver's eye-height.…”

Section: The Body As a Perceptual Rulermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Socio-Ecological Approach to Perception

Gross

Proffítt

2014

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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Our conscious visual experience of the environment is derived from optical information consisting of an ever-changing distribution of light specified in angular units. To transform these units into linear spatial units appropriate for the specification of spatial extents, the visual system needs geometry and a ruler to scale the information. We review the evidence that perceptual rulers derive from the body's phenotype, which is comprised of our morphology, physiology, and behavioral repertoire. We then propose that perception is also scaled relative to the socioecological environment. In this account, social resources affect perception by extending or contracting the relevant physiological ruler. Additionally, we suggest the human ecology functions to select the relevant perceptual ruler. Finally, we highlight research on individual differences as a useful method to further investigate these issues. In moving forward, a complete account of visual perception must necessarily include the socio-ecological environment.eey wodss: K visual perception, social resources, perceptual scaling, socio-ecological environmentThe information for visual perception consists of optic flow and ocular-motor adjustments, both of which consist of angular units. In order to transform these angular units into linear units appropriate for the perception of distance and size, the visual system must make use of geometry and rulers. Our embodied approach to perception contends that the body's phenotype, consisting of morphology, physiology, and behavior, provides the rulers by which spatial perceptions are scaled (Proffitt & Linkenauger, 2013). Depending on one's goals in a particular environment, different aspects of the body become relevant perceptual rulers. Picking up an object, for example, makes hand size relevant, whereas reaching to a location implicates arm's length. In the current paper, we review our embodied approach to perception, and in particular, discuss how walkable extents are scaled to the physiological resources required to traverse the extent. We then consider how social resources function to augment or deplete the resources available for locomotion, and thereby, contribute to the scaling of walkable extents. Given the inherent variability in peoples' phenotypes, we favor an individual differences approach to investigating socioecological effects in perception.

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Visual Space Perception

Cited by 70 publications

References 195 publications

Tool Use Affects Perceived Distance, But Only When You Intend to Use It.

Tool Use Affects Perceived Distance, But Only When You Intend to Use It.

Does Energy Expenditure Affect the Perception of Egocentric Distance? A Failure to Replicate Experiment 1 of Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, and Epstein (2003)

A Socio-Ecological Approach to Perception

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