Visual Perception of Motor Anticipation in Cursive Handwriting: Influence of Spatial and Movement Information on the Prediction of Forthcoming Letters

Orliaguet, Jean‐Pierre; Kandel, Sonia; Boë, Louis‐Jean

doi:10.1068/p260905

Cited by 88 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For the uppercase letters of the alphabet with curved traces, such as C, S, R, or O, we conducted a previous stroke segmentation analysis based on the tangential velocity minima in the velocity profile (see Figure 2). This criterion for stroke segmentation is classical in studies of motor control and has been used in many studies in handwriting (see Orliaguet, Kandel, & Boë, 1997, for an example). As Figure 2 shows, an S, for instance, has three strokes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing complex graphemes in handwriting production

Kandel

Spinelli

2010

Memory & Cognition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

762Many studies of handwriting production implicitly or explicitly assume that writing a word consists merely of producing one letter after the other. For this reason, Van Galen's (1991) model of handwriting production postulated that we memorize and recall the spelling of words as abstract linear sequences that exclusively encode information on letter identity and order. The handwriting system would activate the orthographic representations of words such as set and sea as S 1 E 2 T 3 and S 1 E 2 A 3 and would provide these linear strings as inputs to the motor modules that deal with the programming of the movements needed to write them. According to this rationale, the timing of the production of E 2 should be equivalent for the two words, because they have the same identity and order. In a different perspective, the way we produce the movements to write E 2 could depend on the linguistic status of the letter chunk in which it is embedded. In sea, E 2 cannot be dissociated from a, because it belongs to a specific ea letter chunk that represents the phoneme / /. E 2 in set simply represents the phoneme / /. This tendency to group small units into bigger chunks is a well-known phenomenon that is particularly efficient for memorization (cf. Jenkins & Russel, 1952). The idea that, in writing processes, we recover the spelling of words by activating letter chunks is therefore quite appealing. The goal of this study was to provide evidence that the timing of the production of E 2 in set and sea should be different, because in set there is a one-to-one relationship between phonemes and letters, whereas in sea, this relationship is not straightforward and is more complex. If we generate letter chunks that represent phonemes, we could optimize the recall of spelling in a more linguistically oriented fashion.When a letter represents a phoneme, it is referred to as a grapheme. Coltheart (1978) defined graphemes as the written representation of phonemes. One-letter graphemes such as E 2 in set are simple graphemes, and letter chunks such as EA in sea are complex graphemes. So, to write sea-a three-letter but two-grapheme word-we should activate S 1 EA 2 and then "unwrap" the EA chunk into E and A for serial production. This conception of handwriting supposes that orthographic representations would not consist merely of linear letter strings encoding information on letter identity and order. They could be multilevel structures that encode information on letter chunks that obey phonological coherence.This idea is not new and was introduced by Caramazza and Miceli in 1990 on the basis of neuropsychological data. These authors presented a case study of an Italian Recent studies on handwriting production and neuropsychological data have suggested that orthographic representations are multilevel structures that encode information on letter identity and order, but also on intermediate-grained processing units such as syllables and morphemes. This study on handwriting production examined whether orthographic representations also ...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing complex graphemes in handwriting production

Kandel

Spinelli

2010

Memory & Cognition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If an actor pretends, say, that a suitcase he is carrying is heavier than it actually is, his movements will have a non-natural kinematics that can be detected by observers. Another series of experiments (Orliaguet et al, 1997;Kandel et al, 2000) investigated motor anticipation in the perception of handwriting gestures. For instance, when writing an l, the kinematics of the graphic production is influenced by anticipation of the next letter to be written and will differ according to whether the l is to be followed by another l, an i or a n. It was shown that the visual system can exploit these differences to predict the second letter.…”

Section: Imagining and Observing Actions: Simulation And The Limits Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Agency, Simulation and Self‐identification

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper is concerned with the problem of self-identification in the domain of action. We claim that this problem can arise not just for the self as object, but also for the self as subject in the ascription of agency. We discuss and evaluate some proposals concerning the mechanisms involved in self-identification and in agencyascription, and their possible impairments in pathological cases. We argue in favor of a simulation hypothesis that claims that actions, whether overt or covert, are centrally simulated by the neural network, and that this simulation provides the basis for action recognition and attribution.In this paper we will be concerned with the problem of self-identification as it arises in the domain of action, which we will take to include both overt and covert or simulated actions.Talk of a problem of identification presupposes a contrast set, and the possibility that, in seeking to identify one self, one picks out something in the contrast set instead. With self-identification, two contrast sets must be considered: the world at large and the set of other selves. The problem of self-identification therefore divides into two sub-problems: self-world discrimination and self-other discrimination. We focus here on the latter problem. Our first aim is to show that there is a problem of self-other discrimination. Our second aim is to discuss and evaluate some proposals concerning the mechanisms involved in self-identification and in agencyascription, and their possible impairments in pathological cases.In the first section, we will examine some of the reasons why philosophers have paid little attention to the problem of self-other discrimination, and investigate the conditions under which this problem can arise. In section 2, we will concentrate on the identification of the self as a physical body. In section 3, we will present evidence that we are able to perceive the intentions of others. This will involve the idea of shared representations of actions, the nature and format of which we willWe would like to thank Tim Bayne, Jérôme Dokic, Pierre Jacob, Joëlle Proust, Komarine Romdenh-Romluc, and the participants at the Workshop on Simulation held in Paris in May 2003 for discussions and comments on earlier versions of this paper. We are especially indebted to Gregory Currie for his penetrating and helpful comments and suggestions on multiple drafts of this paper.

show abstract

“…Clearly, some of the contextual variations affecting the ongoing action provide clues on what the forthcoming action will be. It has been shown (Kandel, Orliaguet, & Boe, 1994;Orliaguet, Kandel, & Boe, 1997) that, by viewing only a dynamic display of the letter I while it is being written, observers can reliably predict the identity ofthe following letter well before transition cues become available. This specific form of perceptual anticipation was demonstrated both with isolated digrams and with digrams embedded within words, irrespective ofwriting size or mean velocity (Kandel, Boe, & Orliaguet, 1993;Kandel, Orliaguet, & Boe, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our first aim was to show that the relevant cues in this case are kinematic. Although coarticulation may manifest itself in subtle context-dependent variations of the shape of the movement (Orliaguet et al, 1997), we wanted to demonstrate that anticipation is not trivially based on the ability to discriminate these geometrical factors. Thus, the geometrical features of the dynamic stimuli were kept invariant across conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual anticipation in handwriting: The role of implicit motor competence

Kandel

Orliaguet

Viviani

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

Self Cite

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In two experiments, perceptual anticipation-that is, the observer's ability to predict the course of dynamic visual events-in the case of handwriting traces was investigated. Observers were shown the dynamic display of the middle letter I excerpted from two cursive trigrams (lU or Un) handwritten by one individual. The experimental factor was the distribution of the velocity along the trace, which was controlled by a single parameter, {3. Only for one value of this parameter ({3 =2/3) did the display comply with the two-thirds power law, which describes how tangential velocity depends on curvature in writing movements. The task was to indicate the trigram from which the trace was excerpted-that is, to guess the letter that followed the specific instance of the I that had been displayed. In Experiment 1, the no answer option was available. Experiment 2 adopted a forced-choice response rule. Responses were never reinforced. When{3 =2/3,the rate of correct guesses was high (Experiment 1,PI correctJ = .69; Experiment 2, P(correctj = .78). The probability of a correct answer decreased significantly for both smaller and larger values of {3, with wrong answers becoming predominant at the extremes of the range of variation of this parameter. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that perceptual anticipation of human movements involves comparing the perceptual stimulus with an internal dynamic representation of the ongoing event.

show abstract

Visual Perception of Motor Anticipation in Cursive Handwriting: Influence of Spatial and Movement Information on the Prediction of Forthcoming Letters

Cited by 88 publications

References 18 publications

Processing complex graphemes in handwriting production

Processing complex graphemes in handwriting production

Agency, Simulation and Self‐identification

Perceptual anticipation in handwriting: The role of implicit motor competence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About