Visual Fixation Patterns During Viewing of Naturalistic Social Situations as Predictors of Social Competence in Individuals With Autism

Klin, Ami; Jones, Warren R.; Schultz, Robert T.; Volkmar, Fred R.; Cohen, Donald J.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809

Cited by 1,721 publications

(1,641 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Such an approach fits with several eye-tracking studies that have similarly observed a particular focus on the mouth (Jones, Carr, & Klin, 2008; Klin, Jones, Schultz, Volkmar, & Cohen, 2002) and could reflect several different mechanisms. A bias toward the mouth (often also associated with a bias away from the eyes) could be associated with atypical communication in the condition (Langdell, 1978), an aversion to the socially intimidating eye region (Tanaka & Sung, 2013) or a failure to appreciate the utility of this information (Itier & Batty, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Atypical information-use in children with autism spectrum disorder during judgments of child and adult face identity

Ewing

Pellicano

King

et al. 2018

Developmental Neuropsychology

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Unusual patterns of fixation behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder during face tasks hint at atypical processing strategies that could contribute to diminished face expertise in this group. Here, we use the Bubbles reverse correlation technique to directly examine face-processing strategies during identity judgments in children with and without autism, and typical adults. Results support a qualitative atypicality in autistic face processing. We identify clear differences not only in the specific features relied upon for face judgments, but also more generally in the extent to which they demonstrate a flexible and adaptive profile of information use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Atypical information-use in children with autism spectrum disorder during judgments of child and adult face identity

Ewing

Pellicano

King

et al. 2018

Developmental Neuropsychology

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“…Because children with ASD may lack the motivation to participate in activities in which social skills are typically forged, the resulting relatively impoverished social environment may further compound the social impairment caused by low social motivation, and further negatively influence the development of social cognition and language skills [553,554]. Consistent with this model, very young children with ASD display decreased orienting to social stimuli [550,555], and atypical social orienting has been shown to predict decreased social competence in adolescents and young adults with ASDs [556]. There is also evidence that social motivation remains impaired in individuals with ASD despite growth in other areas of cognitive development.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Dichter

Damiano

Allen

2012

J Neurodevelop Disord

253

207

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This review summarizes evidence of dysregulated reward circuitry function in a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and genetic syndromes. First, the contribution of identifying a core mechanistic process across disparate disorders to disease classification is discussed, followed by a review of the neurobiology of reward circuitry. We next consider preclinical animal models and clinical evidence of reward-pathway dysfunction in a range of disorders, including psychiatric disorders (i.e., substance-use disorders, affective disorders, eating disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorders), neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder), and genetic syndromes (i.e., Fragile X syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Williams syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Rett syndrome). We also provide brief overviews of effective psychopharmacologic agents that have an effect on the dopamine system in these disorders. This review concludes with methodological considerations for future research designed to more clearly probe reward-circuitry dysfunction, with the ultimate goal of improved intervention strategies.

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“…Eye gaze appears to rely in part on amygdala function (Adolphs et al, 2005). Studies of eye gaze in autism have reported discrepancies for dynamic social stimuli (Klin et al, 2002;Speer et al, 2007), although eye gaze for static photos is more intact (Pelphrey et al, 2002;van der Geest et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact emotion facilitation for nonsocial stimuli in autism: Is amygdala impairment in autism specific for social information?

South

Ozonoff

Suchy

et al. 2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Atypical amygdala development may play a key role in the emergence of social disability and other symptoms of autism (Baron-Cohen et al., 2000;Schultz, 2005). The mechanisms by which this may occur have received little attention, however, and most support from behavioral and imaging studies has been concerned with socially relevant stimuli such as faces. Given the complexity of amygdala function and its known role in many other emotional tasks, we examined whether individuals with autism would demonstrate impaired performance on several tasks that have been shown to require activation of the amygdala but that do not have any explicit social meaning. Relative to a typical comparison group matched for age and IQ, our sample of 37 adolescents and adults with autism (mean age 5 19.7 years) demonstrated equivalent facilitation for perception and learning of emotionally relevant stimuli. On each of four tasks, there were significant main effects of emotion condition on performance for both groups. Future research regarding atypical amygdala function and emotion processing in autism should consider whether the response to nonsocial emotion factors (including negative valence or high arousal) may be intact, despite difficulties in responding to socially relevant stimuli. (JINS, 2008, 14, 42-54.)

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Visual Fixation Patterns During Viewing of Naturalistic Social Situations as Predictors of Social Competence in Individuals With Autism

Cited by 1,721 publications

References 48 publications

Atypical information-use in children with autism spectrum disorder during judgments of child and adult face identity

Atypical information-use in children with autism spectrum disorder during judgments of child and adult face identity

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Intact emotion facilitation for nonsocial stimuli in autism: Is amygdala impairment in autism specific for social information?

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