Visual asymmetry revisited: Mind wandering preferentially disrupts processing in the left visual field

Kam, Julia W. Y.; Nagamatsu, Lindsay S.; Handy, Todd C.

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2014.10.002

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Our study is different from previously published studies as we used brainwaves (MEG and EEG) as the main parameter to study hemispheric activity and hemispheric specialization (dominance) for various tasks. Our brainwave study supports the findings of previous studies on hemispheric specialization using various other modali ties [9,10,[40][41][42][43][44][45]. Our chapter highlights that for sensorimotor activity, marked brainwave responses were noted in both hemispheres with a preference (lateralization or dominance or specialization) for one hemisphere.…”

Section: Discussion: Bilateral Hemispheric Responses and Hemispheric supporting

confidence: 89%

Human Brain Anatomy: Prospective, Microgravity, Hemispheric Brain Specialisation and Death of a Person

Idris¹,

Reza²,

Abdullah³

2017

Human Anatomy - Reviews and Medical Advances

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Central nervous system seems to float inside a craniospinal space despite having min iscule amount of CSF. This buoyancy environment seems to have been existing since embryogenesis. This indicates central nervous system always need microgravity environ ment to function optimally. Presence of buoyancy also causes major flexure to occur at midbrain level and this deep bending area of the brain, better known as greater limbic sys tem seems to regulate brain functions and site for cortical brainwave origin. These special features have made it as a possible site for seat of human soul and form a crucial part in discussion related to death. Besides exploring deep anatomical areas of the brain, super ficial cortical areas were also studied. The brainwaves of thirteen clinical patients were analysed. Topographical, equivalent current dipoles and spectral analysis for somatosen sory, motor, auditory, visual and language evoked magnetic fields were performed. Data were further analysed using matrix laboratory method for bilateral hemispheric activity and specialization. The results disclosed silent word and picture naming were bilaterally represented, but stronger responses were in the left frontal lobe and in the right parietotemporal lobes respectively. The sensorimotor responses also showed bilateral hemi spheric responses, but stronger in the contralateral hemisphere to the induced sensation or movements. For auditory-visual brainwave responses, bilateral activities were again observed, but their lateralization was mild and could be in any hemisphere. The conclu sions drawn from this study are brainwaves associated with cognitive-language, senso rimotor and auditory-visual functions are represented in both hemispheres; and they are efficiently integrated via commissure systems, resulting in one hemispheric specializa tion. Therefore, this chapter covers superficial, integrative and deep parts of human brain anatomy with emphasis on brainwaves, brain functions, seat of human soul and death.

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Section: Discussion: Bilateral Hemispheric Responses and Hemispheric supporting

confidence: 89%

Human Brain Anatomy: Prospective, Microgravity, Hemispheric Brain Specialisation and Death of a Person

Idris¹,

Reza²,

Abdullah³

2017

Human Anatomy - Reviews and Medical Advances

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“…Since the publication of this review, Mrazek, Phillips, et al (2013) have similarly reported impaired reading comprehension associated with prompt-assessed mind-wandering. A number of further studies have found additional costs: attentional lapses associated with impaired performance on the Stroop task (Unsworth & McMillan, 2014), a significant relationship between mind-wandering proclivity and frequency of falls in older adults, presumably at least partly because of inattention to external stimuli (Nagamatsu et al, 2013), particularly in the left visual field (Kam, Nagamatsu, & Handy, 2014), and reduced empathic responses to others' physical discomfort, as assessed by participants' ratings and electrophysiologically with event-related potentials (Kam, Xu, & Handy, 2014). By contrast, when leaving aside its perseverative, ruminative forms, mindwandering appears unrelated to most measures of health Ottaviani, Shapiro, & Couyoumdjian, 2013).…”

Section: Costs Of Spontaneous Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Thought and Goal Pursuit: From Functions such as Planning to Dysfunctions such as Rumination

Klinger¹,

Marchetti

Koster³

2017

Preprint

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Spontaneous thoughts occur by default in the interstices between directed, generally taskoriented thoughts or moments of perceptual scrutiny. Their contents are overwhelmingly related to thinkers' current goals, either directly or indirectly via associative networks, including to past and tentative future goals. They are triggered by ambient goal-related stimuli or segments of own thought. Most spontaneous thought segments are very brief, a matter of seconds, but may be much longer. Their typical brevity generally permits wide variation in content, reflecting the individual's current agenda of goals. Their evocation is accompanied by emotional responses that vary widely in type, valence, and intensity. These properties of the emotional accompaniments probably determine which content area receives priority for thought. Given these properties of thought flow, spontaneous thoughts are highly adaptive as (1) reminders of the individual's larger agenda of goals while occupied with pursuing any one of them, (2) promotion of planning for future goal pursuits, (3) review and deeper understanding of past goalrelated experiences, and (4) development of creative solutions to problems in goal pursuit. In the face of threats to successful pursuit of important goals or the prospect of failure, the same 2 mechanisms may occasion repetitive but unproductive thoughts about the pursuit, the consequences of the failure, or the self, and strong negative emotions steering the train of thought may lead to narrowing of its focus, thus producing rumination. The disposition to ruminate is in part a function of states of negative affect and individual differences such as strength of focus on particular thought themes, momentum of particular emotional states, and neuroticism. Rumination is a common occurrence during low mood or outright depression that accompanies the process of disengaging from goal pursuits that have become unrealistic or overly expensive. The typically reduced interest in alternative goals during this phase further limits the range of thought content and the individual's resources for re-engagement with gratifying goal pursuits. For assessment and clinical purposes, spontaneous thought content can potentially provide information not captured by other procedures. When an individual's spontaneous thoughts are themselves problematic, empirically validated methods for improving the individual's motivational structure provide a likely best treatment strategy.[354 words]

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“…For this reason, the gaze fixity appeared as a sensitive indicator of MW. Indeed, MW draws on working memory resources (Kam et al, 2014) to trigger and feed self-generated thoughts (Levinson et al, 2012). MW and PSTs seem to have different oculometric signatures strengthening the need to distinguish the kind of thought when studying off-task thoughts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, when they became aware of their inattentive state, corresponding to a gain in meta-consciousness (Schooler, 2002) participants declared their thought and were instructed to focus back on the driving task. However, MW impairs the working memory update (Kam, Nagamatsu, & Handy, 2014) by drawing attentional resources from it to feed thoughts (Levinson, Smallwood, & Davidson, 2012). This means that drivers could no longer be able to refresh their situational awareness, which corresponds to the state of knowledge about the elements in a dynamic environment (Endsley, 1995).…”

Section: Cardiac Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Do distinct mind wandering differently disrupt drivers? Interpretation of physiological and behavioral pattern with a data triangulation method

Pépin

Malin

Jallais

et al. 2018

Consciousness and Cognition

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MW is damaging for tasks requiring sustained and divided attention, for example driving. Recent findings seem to be indicating that off-task thoughts differently disrupt drivers. The present paper delved into characteristics of off-task thoughts to assess their respective detrimental impact on driving. Twenty volunteers had to declare their MW thoughts and get intentionally involved in Problem-Solving Thoughts (PST) according to instructions. Heart rate and oculometric behavior were collected during the two sessions. Results showed that MW and PST led to a fixed gaze. MW might also led to a cognitive effort necessary to switch from task-unrelated to task-related focus. Similarities and differences between intentional and unintentional off-task thoughts were discussed in greater detail. By designing a detection algorithm, it could be possible to detect disruptive MW during risky situations while permitting the mind to wander when the driving demand is low.

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Visual asymmetry revisited: Mind wandering preferentially disrupts processing in the left visual field

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Human Brain Anatomy: Prospective, Microgravity, Hemispheric Brain Specialisation and Death of a Person

Human Brain Anatomy: Prospective, Microgravity, Hemispheric Brain Specialisation and Death of a Person

Spontaneous Thought and Goal Pursuit: From Functions such as Planning to Dysfunctions such as Rumination

Do distinct mind wandering differently disrupt drivers? Interpretation of physiological and behavioral pattern with a data triangulation method

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