Vision screening of children attending primary school in rural Timor‐Leste

Ramke, Jacqueline; Toit, Rènée du; Roberts, Beverley; Pereira, Sara; Hobday, Karen

doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02468.x

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“… 40 41 Internationally, a variety of acuity cut-offs are employed for vision screening; a recent vision survey in East Timor found that only 0.2% of students with a significant refractive error passed a screening using a 6/12 Tumbling E target. 42 In a Native American population with a high prevalence of astigmatism, the highest sensitivity(97%) and specificity (79%) was found with a fail criteria of UVA worse than 6/19 combined with automated measures of corneal curvature. 43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Preschool children's vision screening in New Zealand: a retrospective evaluation of referral accuracy

et al. 2015

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ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of preschool vision screening in a large, ethnically diverse, urban population in South Auckland, New Zealand.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.MethodsB4 School Check vision screening records (n=5572) were compared with hospital eye department data for children referred from screening due to impaired acuity in one or both eyes who attended a referral appointment (n=556). False positive screens were identified by comparing screening data from the eyes that failed screening with hospital data. Estimation of false negative screening rates relied on data from eyes that passed screening. Data were analysed using logistic regression modelling accounting for the high correlation between results for the two eyes of each child.Primary outcome measurePositive predictive value of the preschool vision screening programme.ResultsScreening produced high numbers of false positive referrals, resulting in poor positive predictive value (PPV=31%, 95% CI 26% to 38%). High estimated negative predictive value (NPV=92%, 95% CI 88% to 95%) suggested most children with a vision disorder were identified at screening. Relaxing the referral criteria for acuity from worse than 6/9 to worse than 6/12 improved PPV without adversely affecting NPV.ConclusionsThe B4 School Check generated numerous false positive referrals and consequently had a low PPV. There is scope for reducing costs by altering the visual acuity criterion for referral.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Preschool children's vision screening in New Zealand: a retrospective evaluation of referral accuracy

et al. 2015

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“…If the relatively low rates of vision impairment seen in the present study are found to be robust, the priority of population‐wide vision screening may need to be evaluated . Lowering the cost of screening, by pairing it with other measures of health, considering alternatives to custom glasses, and reducing the barriers to performing quality screening (by keeping tests simple and automated), may help to tip the balance toward vision screening and toward having children who need eye care receiving it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low rates of vision impairment perhaps raise the question of how much infrastructure ought to be devoted to large‐scale vision screening . However, it is possible that our sample was not representative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological vision research within Tonga is scant, and has focused on adults . Knowledge about the eye health of children in the Pacific Islands is limited to a single report of school screening in Timor‐Leste and some early research on refractive error in Melanesia . If Tonga is similar to these Pacific Island nations, then one would expect Tongan children to have lower rates of myopia than the global average …”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of vision screening of 5–15‐year‐old children in three Tongan schools: comparison of The Auckland Optotypes and Lea symbols

Hamm

Langridge

Black

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background Comprehensive vision screening programmes for children are an important part of public health strategy, but do not exist in many countries, including Tonga. This project set out to assess: (1) the functional vision of children attending primary schools in Tonga and (2) how a new recognition acuity test (The Auckland Optotypes displayed on a tablet computer) compares to use of a standardised eye chart in this setting. Methods Children from three Tongan primary schools were invited to participate. Acuity testing was conducted using a standardised recognition acuity chart (Lea symbols) and the tablet test displaying two formats of The Auckland Optotypes. Measures of ocular alignment, stereo acuity and non‐cycloplegic photorefraction were also taken. Results Parents of 249 children consented to participate. One child was untestable. Only 2.8 per cent of testable children achieved visual acuity worse than 0.3 logMAR in the weaker eye. Results from the Spot Photoscreener suggested that no children had myopia or hyperopia, but that some children had astigmatism. The tablet test was practical in a community setting, and showed ±0.2 logMAR limits of agreement with the Lea symbols chart. Conclusion The sample of children in Tongan primary schools had good functional vision. A modified version of the tablet acuity test is a promising option for vision screening in this context.

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“…There remains a consequent risk of non‐visual acuity related conditions remaining undetected. A summary of a number of screening programs conducted in other countries is provided in Table …”

Section: Vision Screening Programs In Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of guidelines for children’s vision screenings

Hopkins

Sampson

Hendicott

et al. 2013

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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The aim of children's vision screenings is to detect visual problems that are common in this age category through valid and reliable tests. Nevertheless, the cost effectiveness of paediatric vision screenings, the nature of the tests included in the screening batteries and the ideal screening age has been the cause of much debate in Australia and worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to report on the current practice of children's vision screenings in Australia and other countries, as well as to evaluate the evidence for and against the provision of such screenings. This was undertaken through a detailed investigation of peer‐reviewed publications on this topic. The current review demonstrates that there is no agreed vision screening protocol for children in Australia. This appears to be a result of the lack of strong evidence supporting the benefit of such screenings. While amblyopia, strabismus and, to a lesser extent refractive error, are targeted by many screening programs during pre‐school and at school entry, there is less agreement regarding the value of screening for other visual conditions, such as binocular vision disorders, ocular health problems and refractive errors that are less likely to reduce distance visual acuity. In addition, in Australia, little agreement exists in the frequency and coverage of screening programs between states and territories and the screening programs that are offered are ad hoc and poorly documented. Australian children stand to benefit from improved cohesion and communication between jurisdictions and health professionals to enable an equitable provision of validated vision screening services that have the best chance of early detection and intervention for a range of paediatric visual problems.

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Vision screening of children attending primary school in rural Timor‐Leste

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Preschool children's vision screening in New Zealand: a retrospective evaluation of referral accuracy

Preschool children's vision screening in New Zealand: a retrospective evaluation of referral accuracy

Evaluation of vision screening of 5–15‐year‐old children in three Tongan schools: comparison of The Auckland Optotypes and Lea symbols

Review of guidelines for children’s vision screenings

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