Viscoelasticity in Biological Systems: A Special Focus on Microbes

Bhat, Supriya V.; Dong, Jie; Paul, Biplab; Dahms, Tanya E. S.

doi:10.5772/49980

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Macro and micro-rheology methods have been used to study the mechanical properties of biofilms [199,200]. Microscopy has been used with biofilms grown in flow cells to determine the effects of different flow rates on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms using particle tracking microrheology [201,202].…”

Section: Evaluation Of In Vitro Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microscopy has been used with biofilms grown in flow cells to determine the effects of different flow rates on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms using particle tracking microrheology [201,202]. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can also be used to measure adhesive and cohesive forces at a sub-nm resolution to better understand the global and local mechanical properties [200]. Single bacteria mechanics and biofilm properties can be assessed using AFM [199].…”

Section: Evaluation Of In Vitro Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status of In Vitro Models and Assays for Susceptibility Testing for Wound Biofilm Infections

Bahamondez-Canas

Heersema

2019

Biomedicines

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Biofilm infections have gained recognition as an important therapeutic challenge in the last several decades due to their relationship with the chronicity of infectious diseases. Studies of novel therapeutic treatments targeting infections require the development and use of models to mimic the formation and characteristics of biofilms within host tissues. Due to the diversity of reported in vitro models and lack of consensus, this review aims to provide a summary of in vitro models currently used in research. In particular, we review the various reported in vitro models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms due to its high clinical impact in chronic wounds and in other chronic infections. We assess advances in in vitro models that incorporate relevant multispecies biofilms found in infected wounds, such as P. aeruginosa with Staphylococcus aureus, and additional elements such as mammalian cells, simulating fluids, and tissue explants in an attempt to better represent the physiological conditions found at an infection site. It is hoped this review will aid researchers in the field to make appropriate choices in their proposed studies with regards to in vitro models and methods.

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Section: Evaluation Of In Vitro Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of In Vitro Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of In Vitro Models and Assays for Susceptibility Testing for Wound Biofilm Infections

Bahamondez-Canas

Heersema

2019

Biomedicines

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“…From the physics point of view, cells are typically viscoelastic materials and the deformation of cells depends on loading history [57], which has been investigated extensively with a variety of quantitative experimental methods, including atomic force microscopy [58], magnetic bead micro-rheometry [59], magnetic micro-needle [60], traction force microscopy [61] and optical tweezers [62]. These experiments highlighted that the local cellular mechanical properties exhibit distinct viscoelasticity, which can be generally regarded as Kelvin-type material with the viscosity in the range from tens to thousands of Pa s. By developing a computational model and performing experiments, Chaudhuri et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A viscoelastic–stochastic model of the effects of cytoskeleton remodelling on cell adhesion

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

2016

R. Soc. open sci.

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Cells can adapt their mechanical properties through cytoskeleton remodelling in response to external stimuli when the cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Many studies have investigated the effects of cell and ECM elasticity on cell adhesion. However, experiments determined that cells are viscoelastic and exhibiting stress relaxation, and the mechanism behind the effect of cellular viscoelasticity on the cell adhesion behaviour remains unclear. Therefore, we propose a theoretical model of a cluster of ligand–receptor bonds between two dissimilar viscoelastic media subjected to an applied tensile load. In this model, the distribution of interfacial traction is assumed to follow classical continuum viscoelastic equations, whereas the rupture and rebinding of individual molecular bonds are governed by stochastic equations. On the basis of this model, we determined that viscosity can significantly increase the lifetime, stability and dynamic strength of the adhesion cluster of molecular bonds, because deformation relaxation attributed to the viscoelastic property can increase the rebinding probability of each open bond and reduce the stress concentration in the adhesion area.

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“…Rhizobia produce an excessive amount of diverse surface polysaccharides such as lipopolysaccharides, gel-like, capsular, cyclic β-glucan, and neutral polysaccharides that are crucial for increased adhesion to abiotic surfaces and biofilm formation [ 59 ]. Continuous units of monosaccharides such as D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-glucuronic acid and D-galacturonic acid, substituted with non-carbohydrate residues (e.g., acetyl, pyruvyl, succinyl and 3-hydroxybutanoyl groups) and their exposed—OH groups induce adhesion and alter surface physical properties [ 16 , 38 , 60 , 61 ]. Increased adhesion and elastic modulus in Rlv post 2,4-D treatment is a possible indication of increased biofilm formation due to 2,4-D adaptation, consistent with the extracellular material observed by SEM and AFM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Adapts to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid with “Auxin-Like” Morphological Changes, Cell Envelope Remodeling and Upregulation of Central Metabolic Pathways

et al. 2015

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There is a growing need to characterize the effects of environmental stressors at the molecular level on model organisms with the ever increasing number and variety of anthropogenic chemical pollutants. The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as one of the most widely applied pesticides in the world, is one such example. This herbicide is known to have non-targeted undesirable effects on humans, animals and soil microbes, but specific molecular targets at sublethal levels are unknown. In this study, we have used Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 (Rlv) as a nitrogen fixing, beneficial model soil organism to characterize the effects of 2,4-D. Using metabolomics and advanced microscopy we determined specific target pathways in the Rlv metabolic network and consequent changes to its phenotype, surface ultrastructure, and physical properties during sublethal 2,4-D exposure. Auxin and 2,4-D, its structural analogue, showed common morphological changes in vitro which were similar to bacteroids isolated from plant nodules, implying that these changes are related to bacteroid differentiation required for nitrogen fixation. Rlv showed remarkable adaptation capabilities in response to the herbicide, with changes to integral pathways of cellular metabolism and the potential to assimilate 2,4-D with consequent changes to its physical and structural properties. This study identifies biomarkers of 2,4-D in Rlv and offers valuable insights into the mode-of-action of 2,4-D in soil bacteria.

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Viscoelasticity in Biological Systems: A Special Focus on Microbes

Cited by 20 publications

References 133 publications

Current Status of In Vitro Models and Assays for Susceptibility Testing for Wound Biofilm Infections

Current Status of In Vitro Models and Assays for Susceptibility Testing for Wound Biofilm Infections

A viscoelastic–stochastic model of the effects of cytoskeleton remodelling on cell adhesion

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 Adapts to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid with “Auxin-Like” Morphological Changes, Cell Envelope Remodeling and Upregulation of Central Metabolic Pathways

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