Viruses Recovered from Laboratory Dogs with Respiratory Disease

Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Hemagglutinin of Influenza A Virus H5N1 Protected Mice against Lethal Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Challenge

“…The virus was renamed parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) by the ITCV in 2009. It is believed that PIV5 contributes to kennel cough in dogs (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Even though infection of dogs with PIV5 did not lead to kennel cough (20,21), kennel cough vaccines containing live-attenuated PIV5 have been used on dogs for more than 30 years without raising any safety concerns for dogs or humans.…”

“…However, PIV5 has very little cytopathic effect (CPE) on most infected cells (24,25). PIV5 also infects a large number of mammals without being associated with any diseases except kennel cough in dogs (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). PIV5 can be grown in MDBK cells for more than 40 days as well as in Vero cells, a WHO-approved cell line for vaccine production, to high titers and is released in the media at a titer of up to 8 ϫ 10 8 PFU/ml, indicating its potential as a cost-effective and safe vaccine vector that can be used in mass production.…”

Acute Encephalitis and Hydrocephalus in Dogs Caused by Canine Parainfluenza Virus

“…The apparent restrictive nature of canine parainfluenza infection [lo] has led to the conclusion that canine parainfluenza virus causes only local infections of the respiratory tract. The first study on the isolation of SV-5 virus from dogs, however [5], reported isolation of the agent from spleen, kidney, and liver in two of seven dogs. Further, canine SV-5 virus has been isolated from rectal specimens [28].…”

“…As our study shows, the inability to recover virus from brains of hydrocephalic dogs, coupled with the lack of inflammatory change in the central nervous system ordinarily associated with virus infection, does not preclude a viral cause of canine hydrocephalus. Suggestive evidence for the natural occurrence of canine parainfluenza-induced encephalitis is indicated by the high incidence of canine parainfluenza in the dog population [3,4,10,161; the recovery of canine parainfluenza virus from various organs after naturally occurring infection [5,121; and reisolation of canine parainfluenza and SV-5 from various tissues in experimentally infected animals [8,191. Thus, canine parainfluenza infection in dogs must be considered as a potential cause of hydrocephalus.…”

“…This isolate (78-238) was further characterized in our laboratory as a SV-5-like virus and distinguished from other SV-5 viruses by its biological properties [3]. Since the first isolation of a canine parainfluenza virus from a dog with a respiratory disease [5], canine parainfluenza viruses in dogs have been manifested as infections restricted to the respiratory tract [2]. Clinical signs vary from a dry cough [2] to pneumonia [41].…”