Virulence factors associated with<i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>and their role in promoting periodontal diseases

Benso, Bruna

doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1235128

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Aqueous-acetone PSRE was efficient in decreasing growth of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains [39]. The present study for the first time demonstrated the growth-suppressing efficiency of PSRE and PACN on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , one of the most important gram-negative anaerobic periodontal pathogens [40]. Similarly as in the previously demonstrated case of P. gingivalis [19], PACN demonstrated significantly higher toxicity on A. actinomycetemcomitans , compared to the effect of PSRE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Investigation of Antibacterial and Antiinflammatory Activities of Proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides DC Root Extract

et al. 2019

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The study explores antibacterial, antiinflammatory and cytoprotective capacity of Pelargonium sidoides DC root extract (PSRE) and proanthocyanidin fraction from PSRE (PACN) under conditions characteristic for periodontal disease. Following previous finding that PACN exerts stronger suppression of Porphyromonas gingivalis compared to the effect on commensal Streptococcus salivarius, the current work continues antibacterial investigation on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli. PSRE and PACN are also studied for their ability to prevent gingival fibroblast cell death in the presence of bacteria or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to block LPS- or LPS + IFNγ-induced release of inflammatory mediators, gene expression and surface antigen presentation. Both PSRE and PACN were more efficient in suppressing Staphylococcus and Aggregatibacter compared to Escherichia, prevented A. actinomycetemcomitans- and LPS-induced death of fibroblasts, decreased LPS-induced release of interleukin-8 and prostaglandin E2 from fibroblasts and IL-6 from leukocytes, blocked expression of IL-1β, iNOS, and surface presentation of CD80 and CD86 in LPS + IFNγ-treated macrophages, and IL-1β and COX-2 expression in LPS-treated leukocytes. None of the investigated substances affected either the level of secretion or expression of TNFα. In conclusion, PSRE, and especially PACN, possess strong antibacterial, antiinflammatory and gingival tissue protecting properties under periodontitis-mimicking conditions and are suggestable candidates for treatment of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Investigation of Antibacterial and Antiinflammatory Activities of Proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides DC Root Extract

et al. 2019

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“…The capnophilic A. actinomycetemcomitans is most sensitive to amoxicillin but resistant to metronidazole, while the other Gram-negative but strictly anaerobe bacteria (e.g., P. gingivalis ) are most highly sensitive to metronidazole [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Contrastingly, there is not always a high susceptibility of bacteria in the subgingival biofilm to amoxicillin [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy with Adjunctive Amoxicillin/Metronidazole or Metronidazole When No Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Is Detected—A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020

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Background: The aim was to compare two different systemic antibiotics regimens adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy when Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the subgingival biofilm. Methods: A total of 58 patients with periodontitis and with no A. actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilm were treated with full-mouth subgingival instrumentation and either metronidazole (MET; n = 29) or amoxicillin/metronidazole (AMX/MET; n = 29). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline, as well as after three and six months. Subgingival biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid were collected and analyzed for major periodontopathogens and biomarkers. Results: PD, CAL and BOP improved at 3 and 6 months (each p < 0.001 vs. baseline) with no difference between the groups. Sites with initial PD ≥ 6 mm also improved in both groups after 3 and 6 months (p < 0.001) with a higher reduction of PD in the AMX/MET group (p < 0.05). T. forsythia was lower in the AMX/MET group after 3 months (p < 0.05). MMP-8 and IL-1β were without significant changes and differences between the groups. Conclusion: When A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the subgingival biofilm, the adjunctive systemic use of amoxicillin/metronidazole results in better clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy when the application of systemic antibiotics is scheduled.

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“…Along with this, inhibition of local nonspecific protective factors is observed. Pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and metalloproteinases are known to increase dramatically in periodontal tissues and GCF in periodontitis [ 45 , 46 ]. Cytokines are produced by resident cells, such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and by phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) in the acute and early chronic phases of inflammation, and by immune cells (lymphocytes) in established and advanced lesions [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Microcirculation, Cytokine Profile, and Local Antioxidant Protection Indices in Periodontal Health, and Stage II, Stage III Periodontitis

Eldzharov

Kabaloeva

Nemeryuk

et al. 2021

JCM

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Periodontitis, initiated by the subgingival biofilm and modified by the individual’s inflammatory/immune response, has been associated with vascular dysfunction. To analyze microcirculation indices in periodontal tissues and determine the activity of the enzymatic component of antioxidant defense and humoral immunity factors, a single-blind non-invasive clinical trial was realized. Forty subjects, aged from 30 to 65 years, with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (chronic generalized periodontitis, CGP) vs. 40 subjects as periodontally healthy were recruited. Information such as capillary diameter, capillary blood flow velocity, concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum, vascular endothelial growth factor, and enzymatic component of antioxidant protection were taken. The revealed microcirculatory dysfunctions in patients with CGP clearly demonstrate the progressive disorder of periodontal tissue perfusion and oxygenation, the presence of increased vascular permeability and functional failure of the microvascular system in the lesion. Cytokine profile of CGP patients’ blood serum demonstrated a significant increase of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-4 levels as well as statistically significant decrease of IL-1ra, IL-10 concentration. Participants with CGP demonstrated a dominant superiority of IgM and IgG levels. In conclusion, these results contribute to a better understanding of potential correlation between microvascular changes and local and systemic markers of inflammation.

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Virulence factors associated withAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansand their role in promoting periodontal diseases

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Investigation of Antibacterial and Antiinflammatory Activities of Proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides DC Root Extract

Investigation of Antibacterial and Antiinflammatory Activities of Proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides DC Root Extract

Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy with Adjunctive Amoxicillin/Metronidazole or Metronidazole When No Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Is Detected—A Randomized Clinical Trial

Evaluation of Microcirculation, Cytokine Profile, and Local Antioxidant Protection Indices in Periodontal Health, and Stage II, Stage III Periodontitis

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