Virtual power plants: Definition, applications and barriers to the implementation in the distribution system

Plancke, Glenn; Vos, Kristof De; Belmans, Ronnie; Delnooz, Annelies

doi:10.1109/eem.2015.7216693

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A VPP is comprised of generation units [24], energy storage, and Information Communication Technology (ICT) [21]. Generation technology in VPPs consists of DER portfolios (supply-side and demand response) [24].…”

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generation technology in VPPs consists of DER portfolios (supply-side and demand response) [24]. Supply-side in DER portfolios are Distributed Generation (DG) units [24], such as Combined Heat and Power (CHP), biomass and biogas, small power plants, solar, and wind generation [21].…”

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supply-side in DER portfolios are Distributed Generation (DG) units [24], such as Combined Heat and Power (CHP), biomass and biogas, small power plants, solar, and wind generation [21]. DR in DER portfolios consists of flexible loads and energy storage [24]. Flexible loads refer to loads or consumption patterns shifted in response to price signals (e.g., heating, cooling, and charging of electrical vehicles) [18].…”

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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Buildings as prosumers have an important role in the energy aggregation market due to their potential flexible energy consumption and distributed energy resources. However, energy flexibility provided by buildings can be very complex and depend on many factors. The immaturity of the current aggregation market with unclear incentives is still a challenge for buildings to participate in the aggregation market. However, few studies have investigated business models for building participation in the aggregation market. Therefore, this paper develops four business models for buildings to participate in the energy aggregation market: (1) buildings participate in the implicit Demand Response (DR) program via retailers; (2) buildings with small energy consumption participate in the explicit DR via aggregators; (3) buildings directly access the explicit DR program; (4) buildings access energy market via Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregators by providing Distributed Energy Resources (DER)s. This paper also determines that it is essential to understand building owners' needs, comforts, and behaviours to develop feasible market access strategies for different types of buildings. Meanwhile, the incentive programs, national regulations and energy market structures strongly influence buildings' participation in the aggregation market. Under the current Nordic market regulation, business model one is the most feasible one, and business model two faces more challenges due to regulation barriers and limited monetary incentives.

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Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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“…DERs that consist of supply-side resources (distributed generation, energy storage) drive energy efficiency and flexibility in buildings [16,39,43,44]. Distributed generation units [43] (e.g.…”

Section: Hypothesis 31-building Owners Who Have Ders Are More Willinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distributed generation units [43] (e.g. biomass and biogas, small solar PVs and wind turbines) and energy storage are connected to the micro grid [28,45,46].…”

Section: Hypothesis 31-building Owners Who Have Ders Are More Willinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Central Energy Flexibility in Office Buildings

Billanes¹,

Ma²,

Jôrgensen³

2017

JEPE

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Energy flexibility in buildings will play an important role in the smart energy system. Office buildings have more potentials to provide energy flexibility to the grid compared to other types of buildings, due to the existing building management, control systems and large energy consumption. Consumers in office buildings (building owners/managers and occupants) take a main role for adopting and engaging in building energy flexibility. This paper provides a systematic review of consumer central energy flexibility in office buildings with the discussion of social, technical and business aspects. This paper clarifies the correlations of consumers" concerns, external influential factors, energy flexibility resources and technology with eight hypotheses. This paper suggests that technical solutions with the integration of distributed energy resources, building management and control system can boost energy flexibility in the office buildings.

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Virtual power plant implementation scheme in Shenzhen city

Song

Deng

Jiao

et al. 2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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To meet the challenge of the "three highs and one limit" of the Shenzhen power grid operation, the virtual power plant (VPP) is proposed to effectively utilize the flexible distributed energy resources (DERs) to optimize the operation scheme of the distribution network. Firstly, based on the investigation of the available and controllable DERs of the Shenzhen power grid, typical application scenarios representing the characteristics of the Shenzhen power grid are formulated. Secondly, the framework and roadmap of the typical regional VPP in Shenzhen are proposed. Thirdly, a coordinated optimal scheduling strategy for the VPP is proposed to solve the voltage issues caused by overload or other reasons in Shenzhen's distribution network. Finally, a case study is carried out on the distribution networks using that of the Shenzhen Potevio New Energy company, Shenzhen Bay Science and Technology Eco-Park are connected. The resultsshow that the voltage level of the distribution network can be improved by the proposed optimal control strategy of the VPP, and verify the effectiveness of the proposed VPP scheme and the benefits of the VPP for the Shenzhen power grid operation.

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Virtual power plants: Definition, applications and barriers to the implementation in the distribution system

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Consumer Central Energy Flexibility in Office Buildings

Virtual power plant implementation scheme in Shenzhen city

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