Viremia in Human Poliomyelitis

Horstmann, Dorothy M.; McCollum, Robert W.; Mascola, Anne D.

doi:10.1084/jem.99.4.355

Cited by 78 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Pathogenesis of EV71 infection in monkey Y Zhang et al poliomyelitis induced by poliovirus, 35 which was detected at 1 week post infection and was associated with the presence of virus in throat swabs and feces at the same time that fever, headache and even paralysis were observed. 35 A pathogenic process is implied by the following facts: the viremia on day 4 post infection and its subsequent decrease on days 7 and 8 post infection corresponded to an increase in body temperature in monkeys that were infected via the intracerebral, intravenous and respiratory routes ( Figure 1); 10 4-5 copies per 100 mg were found in some lymph tissues (such as the axillary lymph node, Figure 3); and pathological lesions were observed in the CNS (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 A pathogenic process is implied by the following facts: the viremia on day 4 post infection and its subsequent decrease on days 7 and 8 post infection corresponded to an increase in body temperature in monkeys that were infected via the intracerebral, intravenous and respiratory routes ( Figure 1); 10 4-5 copies per 100 mg were found in some lymph tissues (such as the axillary lymph node, Figure 3); and pathological lesions were observed in the CNS (Figure 4). If a pathogenic process does occur, we hypothesized that the EV71 virus might be transmitted from the primary infection site (probably the bronchial tubes, as shown in this study) to the lymph nodes, resulting in proliferation and dissemination of the virus to target tissues through the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis study of enterovirus 71 infection in rhesus monkeys

Zhang

Cui

Liu

et al. 2011

Laboratory Investigation

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a major pathogen that is responsible for causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) worldwide, is a member of the Human Enterovirus species A, family Picornaviridae. HFMD that is caused by EV71 is usually characterized by vesicular lesions on the skin and oral mucosa and high morbidity rates in children; additionally, occasional fatal cases have been reported involving brainstem encephalitis and myelitis associated with cardiopulmonary collapse. Although viral pathogenesis in humans is unclear, previous animal studies have indicated that EV71, inoculated via various routes, is capable of targeting and injuring the central nervous system (CNS). We report here the pathogenic process of systemic EV71 infection in rhesus monkeys after inoculation via intracerebral, intravenous, respiratory and digestive routes. Infection with EV71 via these routes resulted in different rates of targeting to and injury of the CNS. Intracerebral inoculation resulted in pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, along with impairment of neurons. However, intravenous and respiratory inoculations resulted in a direct infection of the CNS, accompanied by obvious inflammation of lung tissue, as shown by impairment of the alveoli structure and massive cellular infiltration around the terminal bronchioles and small vessels. These pathological changes were associated with a peak of viremia and dynamic viral distribution in organs over time in the infected monkeys. Our results suggest that the rhesus monkey model may be used to study not only the basic pathogenesis of EV71 viral infections, but also to examine clinical features, such as neurological lesions, in the CNS and pathological changes in associated organs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis study of enterovirus 71 infection in rhesus monkeys

Zhang

Cui

Liu

et al. 2011

Laboratory Investigation

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“…Three of these children had the "minor illness syndrome," and one was asymptomatic. A detailed report of these findings has appeared elsewhere (6).…”

Section: Isolation Of Virus From Contacts and Casesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The blood specimens were all tested for the presence of poliomyelitis virus as described elsewhere (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence of Infection Among Contacts of Poliomyelitis Cases 1

Horstmann¹,

McCollum²,

Mascola³

1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Virus could be isolated from the upper and lower ends of the alimentary tract for 12 days in the orally infected animals, but not from the parenterally infected animals, except for a single blood specimen taken 2 days after exposure. This cannot be accepted as evidence of true viremia following viral multiplication as is usually observed in Coxsackie or virulent poliovirus infections in primates (8,13,14). Because chimpanzee 4-5 already had neutralizing antibodies in its pre-inoculation serum, the negative results in the blood of this animal are of little significance.…”

Section: Type 6 (D'amori) Infection2--neither the Chimpanzees Fed Nomentioning

confidence: 92%

The Infection of Chimpanzees With Echo Viruses

Itoh

Melnick

1957

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The oral and parenteral infections of chimpanzees receiving echo Types 6 and 4 viruses successively are described. The two infections, spaced 2½ months apart, and given by the same route in each animal, failed to induce overt disease. The inapparent infections were demonstrated by virus excretion in the throat and the stools and the development of neutralizing antibodies. Complement-fixing antibodies also appeared after Type 6 infection, but fell more rapidly than the neutralizing antibodies. After oral infection, echo-6 virus was found for equal periods in both the throat and feces, but echo-4 persisted in the throat for much longer periods than in the lower bowel. Almost no virus carriage occurred after parenteral inoculation. No true viremia was exhibited in any of the animals. One of the chimpanzees had neutralizing antibodies against Type 6 virus in its pre-inoculation serum. It responded extraordinarily to the Type 6 exposure, developing antibody levels of 1:50,000 to echo-6, of 1:1024 against the echo-6' variant, and of 1:64 against the echo 6'' variant. Although Type 4 antibodies developed after the exposure, they proved difficult to measure by ordinary methods. However, they could be satisfactorily assayed by the plaque reduction method. Three other chimpanzees fed echo-2, echo-3, and an untypable echo virus, respectively, yielded results confirming those established with Types 4 and 6.

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Viremia in Human Poliomyelitis

Cited by 78 publications

References 24 publications

Pathogenesis study of enterovirus 71 infection in rhesus monkeys

Pathogenesis study of enterovirus 71 infection in rhesus monkeys

The Incidence of Infection Among Contacts of Poliomyelitis Cases 1

The Infection of Chimpanzees With Echo Viruses

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