Viral nervous necrosis virus persistently replicates in the central nervous system of asymptomatic gilthead seabream and promotes a transient inflammatory response followed by the infiltration of IgM+ B lymphocytes

López-Muñoz, Azucena; Sepulcre, María P.; García‐Moreno, Diana; Fuentes, Inmaculada; Béjar, Julia; Manchado, Manuel; Álvarez, M. Carmen; Meseguer, José; Mulero, Víctoriano

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2012.02.007

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These findings indicate that the virus is able to replicate in various cell types in juvenile pompanos. Similar observations have been recorded previously, in which nodavirus replication occurs in various cell types of juvenile and larval fish, including nerve, epithelial, myocardial, and blood cells, although the main targets are nerve cells of the brain and eye (Korsnes et al, 2009;López-Muñoz et al, 2012;Mladineo, 2003). The present results also suggest that RGNNV may be quickly transported throughout the entire body of a juvenile pompano from the intraperitoneal injection site and is able to rapidly replicate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of nervous necrosis virus in juvenile pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) during early stages of infection

et al. 2015

Aquaculture

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of nervous necrosis virus in juvenile pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) during early stages of infection

et al. 2015

Aquaculture

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“…Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), also known as Betanodavirus, causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, which is an infectious disease responsible for high levels of mortality in more than 40 species of marine and freshwater fish. Infection by this virus leads to abnormal behavior and visual dysfunction, such as spiral swimming along with extensive vacuolation and neuronal degeneration (24)(25)(26). Studies cited in the previous sentence have mAbs from seabream (Sparus aurata) and giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus), but our mAb against NNV was produced from hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) Variable Lymphocyte Receptor–Based Antibody and Its Potential Role in the Neutralization of Nervous Necrosis Virus

Jung

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

The Journal of Immunology

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The variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) mediates the humoral immune response in jawless vertebrates, including lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri). Hagfish VLRBs are composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules, conjugated with a superhydrophobic C-terminal tail, which contributes to low levels of expression in recombinant protein technology. In this study, we screened Ag-specific VLRBs from hagfish immunized with nervous necrosis virus (NNV). The artificially multimerized form of VLRB was constructed using a mammalian expression system. To enhance the level of expression of the Ag-specific VLRB, mutagenesis of the VLRB was achieved in vitro through domain swapping of the LRR C-terminal cap and variable LRR module. The mutant VLRB obtained, with high expression and secretion levels, was able to specifically recognize purified and progeny NNV, and the Ag binding ability of this mutant was increased by at least 250-fold to that of the nonmutant VLRB. Furthermore, preincubation of the Ag-specific VLRB with NNV reduced the infectivity of NNV in E11 cells in vitro, and in vivo experiment. Our results suggest that the newly developed Ag-specific VLRB has the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents for NNV infections in fish.

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“…VNN in older fish has been recognized in sub−adult grouper ( Epinephelus spp.) up to 1.8 kg (Fukuda, Nguyen, Furuhashi, & Nakai, ) and has been demonstrated experimentally in juvenile European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax at 7 months (Lopez (López−Muñoz et al., ). Although Australian bass at 6 and 13 weeks of age were susceptible to infection, this had no negative effect on their survival, appearance or growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…has been demonstrated experimentally in juvenile European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax at 7 months (Lopez (López− Muñoz et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host, agent and environment interactions affecting Nervous necrosis virus infection in Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata

Jaramillo

Fielder

Whittington

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata were challenged by immersion with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) at different ages and under controlled conditions to investigate factors affecting disease expression. Fish challenged at 3 weeks of age with 103 TCID50/ml and higher doses developed clinical disease; a lower dose of 102 TCID50/ml resulted in incidence below 100% and 101 TCID50/ml was insufficient to cause infection. Additionally, fish were challenged at 5, 6 and 13 weeks of age at 17 and 21°C to assess the role of the age of the host and water temperature on disease expression. Although Australian bass challenged at all ages had evidence of replication of NNV, only those challenged at 3 weeks of age (20 and 24 days post−hatch [dph]) developed clinical disease. Higher water temperature had an additive effect on disease expression in larvae challenged at 24 dph, but it did not affect the disease outcome in older fish. Finally, isolates of NNV derived from fish with clinical or subclinical disease presentations caused similar cumulative mortality and clinical signs when larvae at 24 dph were challenged, suggesting that agent variation was not responsible for variation in clinical presentation in these field outbreaks of NNV infection.

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Viral nervous necrosis virus persistently replicates in the central nervous system of asymptomatic gilthead seabream and promotes a transient inflammatory response followed by the infiltration of IgM+ B lymphocytes

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of nervous necrosis virus in juvenile pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) during early stages of infection

Dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of nervous necrosis virus in juvenile pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) during early stages of infection

Characterization of Hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) Variable Lymphocyte Receptor–Based Antibody and Its Potential Role in the Neutralization of Nervous Necrosis Virus

Host, agent and environment interactions affecting Nervous necrosis virus infection in Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata

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