Viral lysis of Micromonas pusilla: impacts on dissolved organic matter production and composition

Lønborg, Christian; Middelboe, Mathias; Brussaard, Corina P. D.

doi:10.1007/s10533-013-9853-1

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A surprising 20-50% of microbial biomass is turned over each day in the ocean by viral infection (62), releasing intracellular organic matter into surrounding seawater (63)(64)(65). Similarly, protistan grazing on bacteria and phytoplankton converts up to 30% of ingested carbon to dissolved form (66).…”

Section: How Do Microbe−microbe Relationships Influence Dom?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world

Moran

Kujawinski

Stubbins

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

245

222

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the oceans is one of the largest pools of reduced carbon on Earth, comparable in size to the atmospheric CO 2 reservoir. A vast number of compounds are present in DOM, and they play important roles in all major element cycles, contribute to the storage of atmospheric CO 2 in the ocean, support marine ecosystems, and facilitate interactions between organisms. At the heart of the DOM cycle lie molecular-level relationships between the individual compounds in DOM and the members of the ocean microbiome that produce and consume them. In the past, these connections have eluded clear definition because of the sheer numerical complexity of both DOM molecules and microorganisms. Emerging tools in analytical chemistry, microbiology, and informatics are breaking down the barriers to a fuller appreciation of these connections. Here we highlight questions being addressed using recent methodological and technological developments in those fields and consider how these advances are transforming our understanding of some of the most important reactions of the marine carbon cycle.dissolved organic matter | marine microbes | cyberinfrastructure

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Section: How Do Microbe−microbe Relationships Influence Dom?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world

Moran

Kujawinski

Stubbins

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

245

222

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“…These include processing of organic matter into CDOM by bacteria [Nelson et al, 1998Rochelle-Newall et al, 1999;Steinberg et al, 2004], excretion from zooplankton , lysis of heterotrophic bacteria by viruses [Balch et al, 2002;Lønborg et al, 2013], release by phytoplankton [Vernet and Whitehead, 1996;Rochelle-Newall and Fisher, 2002], and phytoplankton degradation [cf. Zhang et al, 2011].…”

Section: Dynamics Of Cdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine CDOM accumulation during a coastal Arctic mesocosm experiment: No response to elevated pCO₂ levels

et al. 2014

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A large-scale multidisciplinary mesocosm experiment in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard; 78°56.2′N) was used to study Arctic marine food webs and biogeochemical elements cycling at natural and elevated future carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels. At the start of the experiment, marine-derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) dominated the CDOM pool. Thus, this experiment constituted a convenient case to study production of autochthonous CDOM, which is typically masked by high levels of CDOM of terrestrial origin in the Arctic Ocean proper. CDOM accumulated during the experiment in line with an increase in bacterial abundance; however, no response was observed to increased pCO 2 levels. Changes in CDOM absorption spectral slopes indicate that bacteria were most likely responsible for the observed CDOM dynamics. Distinct absorption peaks (at~330 and~360 nm) were likely associated with mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Due to the experimental setup, MAAs were produced in absence of ultraviolet exposure providing evidence for MAAs to be considered as multipurpose metabolites rather than simple photoprotective compounds. We showed that a small increase in CDOM during the experiment made it a major contributor to total absorption in a range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) and, therefore, is important for spectral light availability and may be important for photosynthesis and phytoplankton groups composition in a rapidly changing Arctic marine ecosystem.

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“…In general, these studies reported increases in these molecules in lysates (see, for example, Poorvin et al, 2004;Lønborg et al, 2013) and have hypothesized that viral lysates are rich in free and combined amino acids (Middelboe and Jorgensen, 2006) and may be an important source of labile organic nitrogen (Shelford et al, 2012). Only recently has the technology necessary to monitor metabolism at the systems level become available via nuclear magnetic resonance (Fiehn, 2002) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics (Siuzdak, 1994;Coon et al, 2005;Bajad et al, 2006), and these same tools can be used to help characterize the chemical composition of DOM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…From the standpoint of characterizing the influence of virus activity on ocean biogeochemistry, most studies have focused on characterizing the bulk material properties of lysate DOM (for example, total C, N, Fe, Se; see Gobler et al, 1997;Bratbak et al, 1998;Poorvin et al, 2004;Lønborg et al, 2013) or monitoring a few select molecules (for example, dimethyl sulfide, acrylate) or compound classes, such as amino acids and carbohydrates (see, for example, Weinbauer and Peduzzi, 1995;Middelboe and Jorgensen, 2006;Shelford et al, 2012). In general, these studies reported increases in these molecules in lysates (see, for example, Poorvin et al, 2004;Lønborg et al, 2013) and have hypothesized that viral lysates are rich in free and combined amino acids (Middelboe and Jorgensen, 2006) and may be an important source of labile organic nitrogen (Shelford et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage infection of an environmentally relevant marine bacterium alters host metabolism and lysate composition

Ankrah

May²,

Middleton³

et al. 2013

The ISME Journal

122

120

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Viruses contribute to the mortality of marine microbes, consequentially altering biological species composition and system biogeochemistry. Although it is well established that host cells provide metabolic resources for virus replication, the extent to which infection reshapes host metabolism at a global level and the effect of this alteration on the cellular material released following viral lysis is less understood. To address this knowledge gap, the growth dynamics, metabolism and extracellular lysate of roseophage-infected Sulfitobacter sp. 2047 was studied using a variety of techniques, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. Quantitative estimates of the total amount of carbon and nitrogen sequestered into particulate biomass indicate that phage infection redirects B75% of nutrients into virions. Intracellular concentrations for 82 metabolites were measured at seven time points over the infection cycle. By the end of this period, 71% of the detected metabolites were significantly elevated in infected populations, and stable isotope-based flux measurements showed that these cells had elevated metabolic activity. In contrast to simple hypothetical models that assume that extracellular compounds increase because of lysis, a profile of metabolites from infected cultures showed that 470% of the 56 quantified compounds had decreased concentrations in the lysate relative to uninfected controls, suggesting that these small, labile nutrients were being utilized by surviving cells. These results indicate that virus-infected cells are physiologically distinct from their uninfected counterparts, which has implications for microbial community ecology and biogeochemistry.

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Viral lysis of Micromonas pusilla: impacts on dissolved organic matter production and composition

Cited by 70 publications

References 61 publications

Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world

Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world

Marine CDOM accumulation during a coastal Arctic mesocosm experiment: No response to elevated pCO₂ levels

Phage infection of an environmentally relevant marine bacterium alters host metabolism and lysate composition

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Viral lysis of Micromonas pusilla: impacts on dissolved organic matter production and composition

Cited by 70 publications

References 61 publications

Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world

Deciphering ocean carbon in a changing world

Marine CDOM accumulation during a coastal Arctic mesocosm experiment: No response to elevated pCO2 levels

Phage infection of an environmentally relevant marine bacterium alters host metabolism and lysate composition

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Product

Resources

About

Marine CDOM accumulation during a coastal Arctic mesocosm experiment: No response to elevated pCO₂ levels