Viral hepatitis: Indian scenario

Satsangi, Sandeep; Chawla, Yogesh

doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.06.011

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…In India, sporadic hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections as well as waterborne outbreaks are frequent. 1,2 Hepatitis A virus exposure typically occurs early in life, when the infection is often subclinical. Serological studies in India in recent decades indicate a consistent pattern of high HAV exposure during childhood, with more than 80% of children demonstrating antibodies against the virus by age 10 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The overall disease rates are generally low, and outbreaks are rare because of the high level of population immunity. [1][2][3] The seroprevalence data in India also indicate higher prevalence of HAV among children, although a few pockets of low seroprevalence have been reported in urban areas with higher levels of socioeconomic development. 2 The data from VRDLs showed that HAV accounted for 13.9% of the viral hepatitis cases tested by these laboratories and nearly three-fourths of these patients were aged < 19 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Based on Laboratory Surveillance Data—India, 2014–2017

Murhekar

Ashok

Kanagasabai

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses (HAV and HEV) are the most common etiologies of viral hepatitis in India. To better understand the epidemiology of these infections, laboratory surveillance data generated during 2014-2017, by a network of 51 virology laboratories, were analyzed. Among 24,000 patients tested for both HAV and HEV, 3,017 (12.6%) tested positive for HAV, 3,865 (16.1%) for HEV, and 320 (1.3%) for both HAV and HEV. Most (74.6%) HAV patients were aged ≤ 19 years, whereas 76.9% of HEV patients were aged ≥ 20 years. These laboratories diagnosed 12 HAV and 31 HEV clusters, highlighting the need for provision of safe drinking water and improvements in sanitation. Further expansion of the laboratory network and continued surveillance will provide data necessary for informed decision-making regarding introduction of hepatitis-A vaccine into the immunization program.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Based on Laboratory Surveillance Data—India, 2014–2017

Murhekar

Ashok

Kanagasabai

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…It can take several months to a year to regain good health. 1 Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus belongs to Hepadnaviridae family. 2 It is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study to assess the awareness of hepatitis B virus infection in auxiliary staff of a tertiary care hospital

Dhutraj

Pol

Mahajan

et al. 2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 50-100 times more infectious than HIV and this communicable disease can be prevented by vaccination. Auxiliary staff (class IV workers) of a hospital is one of the most important health workers who work at ground level and are directly or indirectly exposed to blood and body fluids in the course of their work and therefore are at high risk of infection with blood-borne pathogens. They are expected to have an optimum level of awareness toward HBV infection. This study was conducted with the aim to study the awareness about HBV infection, and its transmission, vaccination and protective practices among auxiliary staff.Methods: A cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out in 220 auxiliary staff of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, using a pretested, pre-validated questionnaire.Results: Out of 220 respondents 146 had heard about HBV infection. Out of 146 respondents, 89 were aware about >1 routes of transmission, 135 heard about vaccination and 70 had taken 3 doses of vaccination. Almost all took protective measures at work-place.Conclusions: The results showed that respondents had inadequate awareness about of HBV infection, routes of transmission and vaccination.

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“…Patients receiving chronic haemodialysis (CHD) treatment are dialyzed three times per week with each dialysis session lasting up to four hours [ 7 ] during which excess body fluid and toxic components such as urea are removed out of the body [ 6 ]. On the other hand, peritoneal dialysis especially Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) has received varied acceptance among African countries due to high costs of peritoneal fluids [ 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, high rates of infection among patients using peritoneal dialysis raises a concern for those in Africa where most of the people still reside in unhygienic environments which lack clean water, low electric supply and limited sanitary education [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-medical facilitators and barriers towards accessing haemodialysis services: an exploration of ethical challenges

2018

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BackgroundLike most of the sub-Saharan countries, Tanzania faces significant increase in the number of patients diagnosed with an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among which only a few manage to receive chronic haemodialysis services (CHD). Yet little is known about the non-medical facilitators and barriers towards accessing these services and the associated ethical challenges.MethodsA phenomenological study design which employed a qualitative approach was used. The study was conducted at the dialysis unit harboured within Muhimbili National Hospital. Data were collected from purposively sampled health care providers and ESRD patients by using in-depth interviews. Text data obtained were analysed based on inductive and deductive content analysis methods to formulate major themes.ResultsFourteen key informants were interviewed including nephrologists, renal nurses, social workers, nutritionists and ESRD patients. Three major themes were formulated: a) non-medical facilitators towards accessing CHD services which enshrines two sub-themes (membership to health insurance scheme and family support), (b) non-medical barriers towards accessing CHD services which enshrines four sub-themes (affordability of treatment costs, geographical accessibility, availability of CHD resources and acceptability of treatment procedures) and lastly (c) ethical challenges associated with accessing CHD services which also enshrines three sub-themes (dual role of health care providers, patients autonomy in decision making, and treatment disparity).ConclusionNon-medical facilitators to access CHD benefits few patients whereas non-medical barriers leave many ESRD patients untreated or partially treated. On the other hand, ethical challenges like treatment inequality are quickly gaining momentum. There is a need for guideline highlighting importance, position, and limitation of non-medical factors in the delivery of CHD services in Tanzania and other developing countries.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-1140-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Viral hepatitis: Indian scenario

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Epidemiology of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Based on Laboratory Surveillance Data—India, 2014–2017

Epidemiology of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Based on Laboratory Surveillance Data—India, 2014–2017

A cross-sectional study to assess the awareness of hepatitis B virus infection in auxiliary staff of a tertiary care hospital

Non-medical facilitators and barriers towards accessing haemodialysis services: an exploration of ethical challenges

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