Viral Hepatitis in South Korea

Pak, Stella; Alastal, Yaseen; Khan, Zubair; Darr, Umar

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1240

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Considering that the incubation period of HAV infection extends up to 50 days [1,[7][8][9], the epidemic curve of this outbreak (Figure 1) showed a point source outbreak pattern. The overall attack rate at facili- ty A was 14.3%, with the highest attack rate (43.8%) among individuals aged 31-40 years, which is consistent with previous studies finding that younger adults are more vulnerable to HAV infection [10,[17][18][19]. Considering that previous studies have explained the vulnerability of younger adults by lowered opportunity of exposure to naturally circulating pathogens due to improved sanitary and hygiene systems, the difference in the attack rate between staff and residents (6.1 and 23.3%, respectively), implies that residents' relatively low opportunities for external or social activities resulted in higher susceptibility [17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…HAV is transmitted by contaminated food or water and has an average incubation period of 28 days (range, 15-50) [1,[7][8][9]. The clinical symptoms of HAV vary from mild to severe, and in symptomatic cases, dark urine and jaundice appear rapidly after the initial manifestation of systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although HAV infection is preventable by vaccination, the number of cases of HAV infection has sharply increased recently in Korea [11][12][13]. Additionally, the prevalence of HAV infection in young adults accounts for a large proportion of the HAV infection burden in Korea [3,10,12,[14][15][16]. This might be because general hygienic conditions have improved over the years; therefore, young adults have not been provid-Hepatitis A Outbreak in a Facility for Disabled ed the opportunity to acquire natural immunity against HAV infection [10,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis A Outbreak in a Facility for the Disabled, Gyeonggi Province, Korea: An Epidemiological Investigation

Chang

Kim

et al. 2021

J Prev Med Public Health

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Objectives: The number of cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections has sharply increased in Korea, especially among young adults. In this study, an HAV outbreak in a facility for disabled people was investigated, and we found epidemiological differences both between 2 different generations and between generally abled and disabled groups.Methods: We analyzed the incubation period and attack rate of an HAV outbreak and investigated the prevalence of HAV antibodies among the staff and residents of a facility for the disabled. We performed a retrospective cohort study during the HAV outbreak, which lasted from February 8 to 25, 2019, including examinations of HAV antibody tests and post-exposure HAV vaccination for the staff or residents of the facility.Results: There were 9 confirmed cases in 2 staff members and 7 residents. Among 53 people (30 staff and 23 residents), except for the 9 confirmed cases and 1 staff member with a known history of HAV infection, HAV seroprevalence was seen in 16.7% of the staff under 40 years of age and 95.2% of those over 40 years of age, while the corresponding rates in the residents were 0.0% and 58.8%, respectively.Conclusions: This result implies that it is necessary to prioritize HAV vaccination for vulnerable groups and workers of residential care facilities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis A Outbreak in a Facility for the Disabled, Gyeonggi Province, Korea: An Epidemiological Investigation

Chang

Kim

et al. 2021

J Prev Med Public Health

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“…The prevalence of HBV-associated nephropathy was closely related with the geographic patterns of HBV prevalence [36]. In South Korea, which is an intermediate endemic area for HBV, the prevalence of HBV seropositivity decreased from 8% to 10% in the 1980s and 1990s to 2% to 7% in 2017 owing to perinatal HBV vaccination [37]. Long-term studies may help elucidate whether a reduction in HBV seropositivity affects the glomerular disease pattern associated with HBV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns in renal diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy: A single-center experience

Yim

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

Kidney Res Clin Pract

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Background: The worldwide incidence of renal disease diagnosed by a kidney biopsy varies with age, race, sex, and region. Owing to a lack of studies and limited research resources for this disease in Korea, we investigated renal disease patterns by analyzing data from kidney biopsies performed over 13 years in a university-based teaching hospital in Korea. Methods: Among 2,053 kidney biopsies performed from 2001 to 2013 at Kyungpook National University Hospital, 1,924 were retrospectively analyzed for histopathologic, demographic, and clinical data as well as laboratory results. Results: Among the 1,924 studied kidney biopsies, 1,078 were males (56.0%) and the mean age was 37.7 ± 16.5 years. Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities were the most common clinical manifestation (62.5%). Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) was the most common primary glomerular disease (37.4%), followed by minimal change disease (MCD), membranous nephropathy (MN), focal segmental glomerulonephritis and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Secondary glomerular diseases accounted for 10.3% of the total biopsies, with lupus nephritis being the most common (4.6%) followed by Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis and diabetic nephropathy. The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome was MCD (42.1%) followed by MN. Among patients seropositive for hepatitis B or C, IgAN (28.3% and 21.4%, respectively) was the most common cause. Conclusion: IgAN and lupus nephritis were the most common primary and secondary glomerular diseases, respectively. Race, region, and practice patterns may affect renal disease patterns in different cohorts.

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“…HDV shares a similar contagion route with HBV. On average, the prevalence of HDV infection has been reported to be 10% among HBsAg seropositive patients, 21 ranging from less than 5% to more than 20% depending on the geographic region of study and overall risk in the population under investigation 5,21–25 . Anti‐HDV prevalence in Taiwan has been reduced from > 20% in the 80s to < 5% after the 90s 8,26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial serologic changes of hepatitis D virus in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ides analogues therapy

Jang

Wei

Hsu

et al. 2020

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim The serial serologic changes of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients who received oral nucleotide/nucleoside analogues are elusive. Methods Serum anti‐HDV and HDV RNA among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were tested at the time of initiating anti‐HBV therapy and subsequently during the follow‐up period. Results The seropositive rate of anti‐HDV and HDV RNA among 2850 CHB patients, was 2.7% and 0.9%, respectively. Factors associated with anti‐HDV seropositivity were platelet counts (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.995/0.992–0.999; P = 0.006), HBV DNA levels (OR/CI: 0.81/0.70–0.94; P = 0.005), and hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity (OR/CI: 0.22/0.05–0.95; P = 0.04). The only factor associated with HDV RNA positivity among anti‐HDV seropositive patients was age (OR/CI: 0.95/0.90–1.00; P = 0.03). The spontaneous clearance rate of serum anti‐HDV antibody was 3.0 per 100 person‐years with a median follow‐up period of 3.5 years (range 2–12 years), whereas the seroclearance rate of HDV RNA was 4.3 per 100 person‐years among anti‐HDV seropositive patients after a median follow‐up period of 6.0 years (range 2–11 years). A baseline anti‐HDV titer < 0.5 cut‐off index was the only factor predictive of anti‐HDV seroclearance (hazard ratio [HR]/CI: 30.11/3.73–242.85; P = 0.001). Conclusions HDV infection was not common among patients treated for HBV in Taiwan. Seroclearance of anti‐HDV and HDV RNA did occur over time, albeit the chance is rare.

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Viral Hepatitis in South Korea

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Hepatitis A Outbreak in a Facility for the Disabled, Gyeonggi Province, Korea: An Epidemiological Investigation

Hepatitis A Outbreak in a Facility for the Disabled, Gyeonggi Province, Korea: An Epidemiological Investigation

Patterns in renal diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy: A single-center experience

Serial serologic changes of hepatitis D virus in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ides analogues therapy

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