Viral exanthems in the tropics

Carneiro, Sueli Coelho da Silva; Cestari, Tânia Ferreira; Allen, Samuel H.; e-Silva, Marcia Ramos

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.05.009

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our data support that SHFV LVR induces a viral hemorrhagic fever with similar characteristics as other hemorrhagic fever viruses. Clinical signs of SHFV infection such as edema, petechial rash and coagulopathy were similar to those observed in both human cases and NHP models of EBOV, MARV, CCHFV, and LASV (Carneiro et al, 2007; Cummins, 1991; Feldmann and Geisbert, 2011; Leblebicioglu, 2010). As in filovirus and arenavirus infections, endothelial cells appear to be infected and may play a role in the development of coagulopathy (Hensley and Geisbert, 2005; Kunz, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection of rhesus macaques as a model of viral hemorrhagic fever: Clinical characterization and risk factors for severe disease

Johnson¹,

Dodd²,

Yellayi³

et al. 2011

Virology

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Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV) has caused sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers in macaques at primate research facilities. SHFV is a BSL-2 pathogen that has not been linked to human disease; as such, investigation of SHFV pathogenesis in non-human primates (NHPs) could serve as a model for hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa viruses. Here we describe the pathogenesis of SHFV in rhesus macaques inoculated with doses ranging from 50 PFU to 500,000 PFU. Disease severity was independent of dose with an overall mortality rate of 64% with signs of hemorrhagic fever and multiple organ system involvement. Analyses comparing survivors and non-survivors were performed to identify factors associated with survival revealing differences in the kinetics of viremia, immunosuppression, and regulation of hemostasis. Notable similarities between the pathogenesis of SHFV in NHPs and hemorrhagic fever viruses in humans suggest that SHFV may serve as a suitable model of BSL-4 pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection of rhesus macaques as a model of viral hemorrhagic fever: Clinical characterization and risk factors for severe disease

Johnson¹,

Dodd²,

Yellayi³

et al. 2011

Virology

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“…All samples tested negative for DENV by RT-PCR. No other viral causes of rashes (coxsackievirus, EpsteinBarr virus, varicella-zoster virus, parvovirus B19) (174,175), and viral serologies (including ZIKV) were documented. The long-term outcomes of these neonates, especially neurological, are unknown.…”

Section: Confirmed Infection During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Zika Virus in Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYThe rapid spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and its potential association with thousands of suspected cases of microcephaly in Brazil and higher rates of Guillain-Barré syndrome meet the conditions for a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, as stated by the World Health Organization in February 2016. Two months later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that the current available evidence supports the existence of a causal relationship between prenatal Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies. Microcephaly can be caused by several factors, and its clinical course and prognosis are difficult to predict. Other pathogens with proven teratogenicity have been identified long before the current ZIKV epidemic. Despite the growing number of cases with maternal signs of infection and/or presence of ZIKV in tissues of affected newborns or fetuses, it is currently difficult to assess the magnitude of increase of microcephaly prevalence in Brazil, as well as the role of other factors in the development of congenital neurological conditions. Meanwhile, health agencies and medical organizations have issued cautious guidelines advising health care practitioners and expectant couples traveling to, returning from, or living in affected areas. Analogous to dengue virus (DENV) epidemics, ZIKV has the potential to become endemic in all countries infested byAedesmosquitoes, while new mutations could impact viral replication in humans, leading to increased virulence and consequently heightened chances of viral transmission to additional naive mosquito vectors. Studies are urgently needed to answer the questions surrounding ZIKV and its role in congenital neurological conditions.

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“…In these phases, there may be oral mucosal bleeding, as well as hematemesis and bleeding of the nose and eyes. The tongue characteristically shows bright-red margins and a white furred centre [5,14] (Figure 2).…”

Section: J)mentioning

confidence: 99%