Violin

Curtin, Joseph; Rossing, Thomas D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7110-4_13

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…By contrast, the "finger-stopped" case shows a larger number of Helmholtz occurrences and generally shorter transients. This observation is in accordance with the experience of the players, that a finger-stopped string is generally more playable than an open string [41]. Such a significant difference shows the importance of careful modelling of the string's damping.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Assessing Friction Laws for Simulating Bowed-String Motion

Galluzzo¹,

Woodhouse²,

Mansour³

2017

Acta Acustica united with Acustica

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In order to carry out meaningful "virtual" exper-2 iments on the playability of bowed-string instru-3 ments, a simulation model is required that can re-4 produce all details relevant to a musician. Mea-5 sured transient behaviour of machine-bowed strings 6 is compared in detail with predictions from a range 7 of previously-published computer simulation mod-8 els. The general trends of waveforms and param-9 eter dependence observed experimentally are suc-10 cessfully predicted, but some important details are 11 not well captured by any of the models tested. The 12 discrepancies, mainly associated with uncertainty 13 about the correct model for the frictional interac-14 tion between bow and string, are examined sys-15 tematically to reveal patterns of sensitivity to spe-16 cific features of the models and to provide guidance 17 on aspects of those models that may require en-18 hancement to achieve a closer match to experiment. 19 Of the models tested, the friction model based on 20 contact temperature performed significantly better 21 than more traditional ones based on instantaneous 22 sliding speed.

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supporting

confidence: 87%

Assessing Friction Laws for Simulating Bowed-String Motion

Galluzzo¹,

Woodhouse²,

Mansour³

2017

Acta Acustica united with Acustica

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show abstract

“…The ultimate goal of a master violinist is to project the highest quality sound to the listener well knowing that his or her talents will always be insufficient, as the instrument, hall acoustics, proximity to the audience and many other factors hugely affect the overall listening experience. When it comes to the instrument itself, certain characteristics (that are not necessarily independent of one another) such as impact-induced mobility, bow-induced mobility, sizzle, directivity, projection and the like have been identified and quantified to help objectively compare one violin’s performance to another [ 8 , 12 , 18 ]. Here, we set out to demonstrate that some of these properties and test methods have strong counterparts in CMP, especially its kinematic and mechanical aspects, which when applied to the process, can help baseline, predict, and even improve planarization performance and improve key wafer-level metrics.…”

Section: Parallels In Violin Playing and Wafer Planarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can see that, at lower frequencies, the impact and bowed mobility peaks are more or less aligned and roughly of the same amplitude. At higher frequencies, where the human ear is most sensitive, peak alignment becomes less and less obvious, and the amplitudes of the bowed mobility peaks rise, giving the peaks more definition, and the violin, a greater “sizzle” [ 18 ].…”

Section: Mobility Plotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Directivity, which is measured as the violin is being played, is a dimensionless parameter representing the variance of forces exerted on the top plate of a violin divided by the variance of forces on its bottom plate [ 16 ]. This parameter has been successfully used by many violin researchers as a measure of directional sound radiation [ 16 , 18 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Values close to unity represent isotropic and omnidirectional sound (e.g., suitable for listeners of a Beethoven string trio in close quarters where the soundscape can be intense and detailed), while values higher than one indicate that the violin’s sound can be heard over a hundred or so other instruments being played simultaneously while unidirectionally carrying across long distances to reach listeners seated far away (e.g., suitable for listeners of the Brahms violin concerto).…”

Section: Directivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The German physicist, Hermann Backhaus, was one of the first to study vibration patterns in Old Italian violins [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. His work was continued on by Saunders [ 4 ], Cremer [ 5 ], Schelleng [ 6 ], Moral [ 7 ] and Hutchins [ 3 ], culminating in further breakthroughs in recent years thanks to works by Dunnwald [ 8 ], Jansson [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], Harris [ 12 ], Buen [ 13 , 14 ], Morset [ 15 ], Bissinger [ 16 , 17 ], and Curtin and Rossing [ 18 ]. Zwicker [ 19 ] and Stepanek [ 20 ] were two of the first musicologists to correlate spectral relations to the psychoacoustic aspects of sound quality, while Guettler published groundbreaking work on the properties of rosin and how they may affect stick-slip events during playing [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Mechanical Planarization and Old Italian Violins

2018

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Previous studies have shown that spectral analysis based on force data can elucidate fundamental physical phenomena during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). While it has not been literally described elsewhere, such analysis was partly motivated by modern violinmakers and physicists studying Old Italian violins, who were trying to discover spectral relations to sound quality. In this paper, we draw parallels between violins and CMP as far as functionality and spectral characteristics are concerned. Inspired by the de facto standard of violin testing via hammer strikes on the base edge of a violin’s bridge, we introduce for the first time, a mobility plot for the polisher by striking the wafer carrier head of a CMP polisher with a hammer. Results show three independent peaks that can indeed be attributed to the polisher’s natural resonance. Extending our study to an actual CMP process, similar to hammered and bowed violin tests, at lower frequencies the hammered and polished mobility peaks are somewhat aligned. At higher frequencies, peak alignment becomes less obvious and the peaks become more isolated and defined in the case of the polished wafer spectrum. Lastly, we introduce another parameter from violin testing known as directivity, Δ, which in our case, we define as the ratio of shear force variance to normal force variance acquired during CMP. Results shows that under identical polishing conditions, Δ increases with the polishing removal rate.

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The evolution of air resonance power efficiency in the violin and its ancestors

et al. 2015

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The fact that acoustic radiation from a violin at air-cavity resonance is monopolar and can be determined by pure volume change is used to help explain related aspects of violin design evolution. By determining the acoustic conductance of arbitrarily shaped sound holes, it is found that air flow at the perimeter rather than the broader sound-hole area dominates acoustic conductance, and coupling between compressible air within the violin and its elastic structure lowers the Helmholtz resonance frequency from that found for a corresponding rigid instrument by roughly a semitone. As a result of the former, it is found that as sound-hole geometry of the violin's ancestors slowly evolved over centuries from simple circles to complex f-holes, the ratio of inefficient, acoustically inactive to total sound-hole area was decimated, roughly doubling air-resonance power efficiency. F-hole length then slowly increased by roughly 30% across two centuries in the renowned workshops of Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri, favouring instruments with higher air-resonance power, through a corresponding power increase of roughly 60%. By evolution-rate analysis, these changes are found to be consistent with mutations arising within the range of accidental replication fluctuations from craftsmanship limitations with subsequent selection favouring instruments with higher air-resonance power.

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Violin

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Assessing Friction Laws for Simulating Bowed-String Motion

Assessing Friction Laws for Simulating Bowed-String Motion

Chemical Mechanical Planarization and Old Italian Violins

The evolution of air resonance power efficiency in the violin and its ancestors

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