Violent Encounters

Abstract

This study identifies key factors from the criminal events perspective that affect the lethality of violent encounters. Data for this research are derived from the National Incident-Based Reporting System of the FBI. Using logistic regression analysis, the effects of several contextual factors, including weapon, location, time of incident, circumstances, and victim and offender characteristics and relationships are explored. Analysis reveals that variables from each of the six categories affect the lethality of interpersonal violence, but the circumstance and type of weapon exert the strongest influence. Our investigation demonstrates the utility of the criminal events perspective for explaining the outcomes of violent encounters.

Rushing Gunshot Victims to Trauma Care: The Influence of First Responders and the Challenge of the Geography

“…In addition, most GSW victims were young, with a mean age of just under 28 years, which is consistent with findings from other jurisdictions (Hipple et al, 2019). In contrast to age, race and ethnicity were not found to have a significant relationship with fatality among this sample of gunshot victims much like what was found in Weaver et al (2004). As was previously discussed, we found that when the age of the victim increases, the predicted probability of a fatality increases (Weaver et al, 2004) which suggests that young people are more likely to survive their wounds.…”

“…GSW victims between 18 and 44 years old make up the largest proportion of all those injured, and 75% of all victims of gun violence are in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods (Avraham et al, 2018). Indeed, past research has consistently found a positive relationship between the age of the victim and GSW fatality (Libby & Wright, 2009;Weaver et al, 2004). More recently, however, limited access to medical care, including measures of proximity to trauma care, has garnered attention in the study of GSW victim mortality.…”

Predictive Extrinsic Factors in Multiple Victim Shootings

“…Our goal was to identify factors associated with gun violence incidents involving multiple victims, rather than just those with multiple fatalities. Because the lethality of a violent encounter may be affected by contextual factors (e.g., Weaver et al, 2004), the shooter's intent may be more accurately reflected by the number of victims shot rather than the number killed. The lethality perspective recommends that homicide research focus on "potentially lethal criminal actions rather than on completed homicides…" (Harris, Thomas, Fisher, & Hirsch, 2002, p. 156).…”

Stolen account credentials: an empirical comparison of online dissemination on different platforms

“…For instance, Pino (2005) used CEP to conduct a qualitative case study on serial rape. Weaver et al (2004) examined how factors identified through the use of CEP (e.g., location, time, and victim characteristics) related to the lethality of violent encounters. Grommon and Rydberg (2014) used CEP in their interdisciplinary study of criminological and public health correlates of firearm injury severity.…”