Violências e mortes: um olhar etnográfico das práticas e estratégias cotidianas das equipes periciais do Instituto de Criminalística do município de São Paulo

Abstract

Carvalho GPP. Violence and death: an ethnographic view of the daily practices and strategies of the expert teams of the Forensic Institute of the city of São Paulo [thesis]. São Paulo: Faculty of Public Health of USP; 2019. Introduction-Violent death permeates the daily life of the Brazilian citizens as well as the daily routine of the criminal investigation teams of the municipality of São Paulo. The forensic servers have to represent the State, as attribution, in the expert execution in the sites of crimes involving human victims. Objective-to understand the daily practices of the expert work, identifying risk factors and work strategies imbued in the expert assistance of violent death. Methods-Qualitative research with an ethnographic perspective. The empirical records are derived from the ethnographic field work diary notes of 61 crime sites, experienced together with the on-call staff. These crime sites were investigated by the team of criminal experts and technicalexpert photographers who belong to the Center for Expertise in Crimes against the Person (NPCCPessoa) of the Institute of Criminalistics (IC) of the city of São Paulo. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 expert servers. In a complementary way, a form of sociodemographic characterization of the participants was applied. Reports on digital and printed media were used as secondary data. Data were analysed using thematic coding. For that, the software MAXQDA, version 18 was used. Results-The predominant criminal natures in the investigative requisitions were: suspicious death, suicide and homicide of a known perpetrator. The age of the participants ranged from 28 to 65 years and the time of experience in the profession is between 1 to 31 years. The participants are predominantly composed by males, married, with children and most of them have a religious belief. The professional training provided by the Institute of Criminalistics varied from 03 to 12 months. With regard to empirical research, the codification of the material generated four thematic categories: 1) The activity of the expert work; 2) Crimes that underwent expert work; 3) Naturalized violence; 4) Amplification of violence by the media. The reports and field observations revealed daily practices of a dangerous and unhealthy work in the biological and psychological senses. The teams dealing with the body of a victim of lethal violence are exposed to a direct and indirect victimization. They work with extensive work scales, server shortages, short recovery times and present-day reports. The lack of transparency in the planning of the forensic career added to the meaning of being a forensic police worker were mobilizers of feelings such as non-recognition and institutional belonging, which were re-signified throughout their professional trajectory. Risk factors were revealed, such as: risks in belonging to the police category itself; the anticipation of the process of dying when they feel susceptible to the naturalized urban violence; the amplification of media viole...

Direito: Pesquisas fundadas em abordagens críticas

“…O não comparecimento às cenas de morte é considerado um dos erros clássicos da patologia forense. Patologistas de hospitais que realizam autópsias forenses que não são treinados ou não são capazes de comparecer a cenas de morte devem receber informações sobre como, quando e onde o corpo foi encontrado, por quem e sob quais circunstâncias(BRANDÃO, 2013).A equipe pericial atua em um cenário de trabalho extra-administrativo, acessando as residências ou vias públicas, locais contendo corpos dilacerados, com órgãos exteriorizados, com corpos em posições sombrias (como em casos de suicídio) ou em estado de putrefação, exalando odores e com a presença de roedores e parasitas(CARVALHO, 2019). Usualmente, os locais são cheios de signos e significados e, por vezes, com uma plateia curiosa ao redor, formada por transeuntes, familiares e/ou mídia(CHAGAS, 2016).…”