Violência vivenciada pelas adolescentes em situação de rua na ótica dos profissionais cuidadores do abrigo

Abstract

Diante da relevância e particularidade da violência na restrição ao exercício da cidadania das adolescentes em situação de rua e na vulnerabilização à sua saúde, o objetivo do estudo foi compreender a problemática da violência vivida pelas mesmas na ótica dos profissionais cuidadores de abrigo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritivo, cujos dados foram produzidos através de entrevistas junto aos profissionais cuidadores de um abrigo para adolescentes da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro-RJ em 2008. Os depoimentos foram interpretados à luz da análise de conteúdo, resultando em quatro categorias que explicitam a visão dos profissionais acerca dos tipos de violência vividos pelas adolescentes: violência coletiva, violência juvenil, violência familiar e violência de gênero. Concluindo, os profissionais cuidadores do abrigo compreendem a problemática da violência vivida pelas adolescentes em situação de rua de forma ampliada e apresentam algumas inter-relações e concomitância dos vários tipos de violência, configurando a complexa trama da violência que atravessa marcadamente as vidas dessas adolescentes. Descritores: Violência contra a mulher; Menores de rua; Adolescente institucionalizado.

A maternidade no contexto de abrigamento: concepções das adolescentes abrigadas

“…Thus, the use of physical violence as a disciplinary measure deserves to be highlighted. This type of violent attitude has significant repercussion on the mental and physical health of the person who experiences it (18) , in addition to stimulating aggressive reactions as evidenced by sheltered adolescents in other studies (2,17) .…”

“…Nevertheless, it is necessary to study this favorable view of the adolescent regarding the meaning of being a mother, since the present study verified a gap between the speech of the adolescents and the routine of their relationship with their children. The adolescents desire to build an emotional bond with their children, yet in reality this relationship tends to be as precarious as the relationships they have established with their own mother/relatives (2) .…”

“…This attitude of accepting violence may be a reflection of the naturalization of violence that is present within all of their life stories (2,8) .…”

“…Regarding the housing of adolescents in sheltering institutions in the Brazilian context, experiences reveal the dilemmas faced within these institutions: particularly the difficulty in providing the care recommended by the Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente (Children's and Adolescents' Statute) and the lack of preparation of professionals in dealing with the adolescents -characterizing a situation of institutional violence (2,(8)(9) . Hence, shelters experience difficulties in performing effectively their function of protecting and favoring the construction of subjects (10) .…”

“…Adolescents who are sheltered or who live in the streets live within the context of poverty, fragility of social bonds, intrafamily and community violence and lack of access to health services and education (1)(2)(3) . In addition to the adversity they experience, they must face the reality of motherhood -a unique event that generates not only doubts, but also fantasies and joy for most women -without a full understanding of what motherhood means in terms of repercussions, and without having had the necessary and recommended prenatal care set forth by the Ministry of Health.…”