Vicarious Traumatization

Ethical Guidelines for Mass Trauma and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

“…Counselors are working under chaotic and difficult conditions, may have physical and stamina demands placed on them, and need to use nontraditional professional approaches in nontraditional conditions of various settings and locations; moreover, the actual conditions of the victims themselves may be extreme (Halpern & Tramontin, ; SAMHSA, , , ). Thus, caution must be taken to avoid or diminish instances of vicarious or secondary trauma, that is, introjections in which counselors vicariously experience the distress of their traumatized clients concerning the current disaster situation (Jankoski, ; Teahen, ; Trippany et al, ).…”

“…They also should avoid such relationships with other disaster responders during the period of deployment. Additionally, counselors need to be intentional and vigilant in their restraint concerning potential boundary issues related to secondary traumatization; this is a difficult and delicate aspect of the boundary issues involved with the cost of caring (Jankoski, ). Relationships with media and other nonresponder figures . Journalistic coverage of news‐making mass traumas and involvement of government authorities and dignitaries are common and potentially constructive activities.…”

“…They monitor themselves for signs of impairment from their own physical, mental, or emotional problems and refrain from offering or providing professional services when impaired. They seek consultation and supervision and are aware that full proactive disclosure of difficulties in supervision is a critical aspect of counselor self‐care (Jankoski, ). Prior to engaging in mass trauma counseling, counselors develop a personalized self‐care plan and actively pursue its self‐help activities during predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment phases (GCAT, ). Organizational structure Knowledge of command and response structure .…”

Die Wende in der Wahrnehmung der Ostdeutschen. Eine Mentalitätsgeschichte.

“…Oktober haben wir uns von den Kindern verabschiedet und uns gesagt: Also wir wissen jetzt nicht, wie's weitergeht, wir gehen aber. "38 Die Äußerung offenbart, ergänzend zu der bereits angesprochenen Unsicherheit, die enorme Entschlossenheit Veränderungen im Land herbeizuführen. Die Option, Gewalt am eigenen Leib zu erfahren, wurde dabei in Kauf genommen.…”

“…Auch führende Persönlichkeiten der Montagsdemos wie Kurt Masur (Gewandhauskapellmeister und Mitglied der "Leipziger Sechs" 39 ) oder Christian Führer waren trotz ihrer Forderungen nach friedlichen Protesten nicht davon überzeugt, dass der Abend des 9. Oktobers ohne Blutvergießen auskommen würde 40. Umso euphorischer wurden der friedliche Ausgang und die dadurch bewiesene Macht der Masse aufgenommen: "Die Nachricht, dass die Demonstration in Leipzig friedlich verlaufen war, löste in der gesamten DDR eine kaum zu beschreibende Freude aus.…”