Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2:  A systematic review

Jeganathan, K.; Paul, Anthea B. Mahesan

doi:10.1177/1753495x211038157

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…There is evidence that infection with COVID-19 can occur in any way. In utero transmission is favored by the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors located at the level of the placenta [ 5 ]. In the intrapartum period, the fetus could be exposed to the virus located in vaginal fluids, as well as in maternal feces (during vaginal birth) [ 25 ] or the peritoneal fluids (during the cesarian section) [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different comorbidities can influence vertical transmission [ 5 , 39 ]. For example, thrombophilia is a condition of hypercoagulability [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SARS-CoV-2 infection transmission from mother to fetus may occur during pregnancy (congenital infection), at birth (intrapartum infection), or after birth (postpartum infection) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Generally, vertical transmission of a virus could happen transplacental, during birth, or after birth through breastfeeding, depending on the moment of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings of Pregnant Women with Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2—Case Series

Craina

Iacob

Dima

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic significantly impacted the general population’s health. At times, the infection has unfavorably influenced pregnancy evolution and the result of birth. However, vertical transmission of the virus is rare and generates controversial discussions. The study aimed to highlight the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of pregnant women with confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with possible vertical transmission and identify possible factors that encourage vertical transmission. Between 1 April 2020 and 31 December 2021, 281 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 gave birth in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments of the tertiary unit of County Emergency Clinical Hospital from Timisoara. Three newborns (1.06%) tested positive. The characteristic of these three cases was described as a short series. In two cases, the patients were asymptomatic. In one case, the patient developed a mild form of COVID-19 with a favorable evolution in all cases. We did not identify the presence of smoking history, vaccine before admission, atypical presentation, fever, or chest X-ray abnormalities. We note possible factors that encourage vertical transmission: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, thrombophilia, asymptomatic cough, an asymptomatic or mild form of the disease, a ruptured membrane, and cesarean. The laboratory results highlight the inconstant presence of some changes found in the list of potential predictors of the severity of the infection: Lymphopenia, high values of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin. The study’s conclusion of this small group suggests that there may have been an intrauterine infection in late pregnancy and described characteristics of the pregnant women. Possible risk factors that could encourage vertical transmission have been identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different comorbidities can influence vertical transmission [ 5 , 39 ]. For example, thrombophilia is a condition of hypercoagulability [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings of Pregnant Women with Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2—Case Series

Craina

Iacob

Dima

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A recent systematic review and meta-analysis including data up to 3 August 2021 and including over 14,000 babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection found about 2% of babies tested positive with 14 confirmed mother-to-child vertical transmission, seven of which occurred in utero (Allotey et al, 2022). A slightly smaller systematic review of 47 studies and over 900 neonates reported that slightly less than 1% had a confirmed or probable vertical transmission of infection (Jeganathan and Paul, 2022). Similarly, a recent "systemic review of systematic reviews" suggested that mother to child transmission was relatively rare with 10.3389/fnins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a possible risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders

et al. 2022

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Pregnant women constitute one of the most vulnerable populations to be affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy could negatively impact fetal brain development via multiple mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that mother to fetus transmission of SARS-CoV-2 does occur, albeit rarely. When it does occur, there is a potential for neuroinvasion via immune cells, retrograde axonal transport, and olfactory bulb and lymphatic pathways. In the absence of maternal to fetal transmission, there is still the potential for negative neurodevelopmental outcomes as a consequence of disrupted placental development and function leading to preeclampsia, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, maternal immune activation may lead to hypomyelination, microglial activation, white matter damage, and reduced neurogenesis in the developing fetus. Moreover, maternal immune activation can disrupt the maternal or fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leading to altered neurodevelopment. Finally, pro-inflammatory cytokines can potentially alter epigenetic processes within the developing brain. In this review, we address each of these potential mechanisms. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 could lead to neurodevelopmental disorders in a subset of pregnant women and that long-term studies are warranted.

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“… 1 A recent systematic review including a total of 47 studies describing 1188 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive pregnant women and 985 neonates reported the rate of neonatal infection to be as low as 0.3%. 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG “heritage” in newborn: A credit of maternal natural infection

Marchi¹,

Vidiri

Fera

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Description of transplacental passage of specific SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG from mothers who contracted natural infection to their newborns. Retrospective cohort analysis including pregnant women diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 and their newborns both tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgG and IgM with antibody titration at delivery. Nasopharyngeal swab were taken from both mothers and neonates, and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IgM and IgG were analyzed in maternal and neonatal serum of 143 mother−infant dyads. 86% of women with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR >14 days before delivery developed specific IgG and 84% of their infants showed transplacental passage of IgG. Pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 achieve antibody seroconversion following the kinetics described in the general population, and transplacental transfer of IgG specific antibodies occurs. No conclusion can be drawn on passive immunity efficacy or duration.

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Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review

Cited by 23 publications

References 66 publications

Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings of Pregnant Women with Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2—Case Series

Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings of Pregnant Women with Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2—Case Series

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a possible risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders

SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG “heritage” in newborn: A credit of maternal natural infection

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