Vertebrate Hemoglobins

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Homotrophic and Heterotrophic Interactions Carbon Dioxide and Protons Organic Phosphates Sensitivity to Bicarbonate Chloride Acclimation and Extraerythrocytic Factors Influencing Oxygen Affinity through Heterotrophic Interactions Hemoglobin Structure Agnatha Hemoglobin Heterogeneity Possible Physiological Significance of Hemoglobin Heterogeneity Other Possible Roles for Hemoglobin Heterogeneity Additional Bases of Apparent Hemoglobin Heterogeneity Association of Tetramers Functional Adaptations in Hemoglobins Scaling Changes in Hemoglobins during Ontogeny Adaptation to Temperature Adaptation to Hypoxia Diving Animals Functional Adaptations: Adaptations Restricted to Specific Vertebrate Groups Urea Insensitivity Root Effect Hemoglobins Conclusion