Versatility of Pleuripotent Undifferentiated Stem Cells Aspirated from Bone Marrow and its Applications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Abstract

Introduction Bone marrow (BM) derived pleuripotent undifferentiated stem cells represent a promising population for supporting new concepts in cellular therapy. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the versatility of pleuripotent undifferentiated stem cells derived from BM aspiration and its applications in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients out of which 15 were with hard tissue defects (cystic lesions n = 6, post surgical alveolar defects n = 4, peri implant defects n = 3, alveolar clefts n = 2) and 15 soft tissue lesions (leukoplakia and lichen planus n = 6, oral submucous fibrosis n = 7, post traumatic soft tissue loss n = 2) were included in the study on randomized clinical basis. The patients received autologous BM derived mononuclear cells which were being locally delivered into the lesion and followed up. The parameters used were (1) To compare and evaluate the bone regeneration by radiographic assessment at the end of 3rd and 6th month postoperatively. Results For hard tissue lesions CT scans and OPG revealed adequate regenerated bone, bridging the defect after 3 months. Hounsfield units of regenerated bone after 6 months were more or less similar to native bone which was statistically significant (unpaired t test = p \ 0.05). For soft tissue lesions (1) 7 cases of OSMF showed adequate clinical mouth opening (one way anova test = p \ 0.05), reduction in burning sensation and blanching of mucosa, (2) 6 cases of leukoplakia and lichen planus and 2 cases of post traumatic soft tissue defects showed good clinical improvement by Vancouver burn scar assessment of wound index. Conclusion The study shows that there is a definite beneficial effect in bone regeneration and soft tissue wound healing with the use of BM-derived mononuclear cells.

Cross-Talk Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Bone Regeneration

“…Since then, MSCs have been studied in numerous clinical studies for representative diseases, including organ transplantation, diabetes, inflammatory, hematological, cardiovascular, autoimmune, cartilage, and bone disease (Squillaro et al, 2016). Clinical studies promoted non-union fracture healing (Hernigou et al, 2015), accelerated fracture healing (Kim et al, 2009) or bone regeneration in bone tissue defect (Pavan Kumar et al, 2016) and other pathological conditions (Manimaran et al, 2014(Manimaran et al, , 2016Bouland et al, 2020). The clinical applications of the different sources of MSCs are detailed in Table 1.…”

“…The treated patient stayed asymptomatic during the follow-up, and moreover, a complete bone remodeling was noticed after 1 year. Pavan Kumar et al (2016) successfully treated 30 patients with soft or hard tissue defects in the oral and maxillofacial areas with autologous BM-MNCs and observed beneficial effects in bone regeneration and soft tissue wound healing.…”

Use of stem cells in bone regeneration in cleft palate patients: review and recommendations

“…Additionally, this procedure can be performed during surgery. The other advantage of BMMNCs is their wide variety of cells with cell-cell communication that can contribute to better osteogenesis 25 . According to Al-Ahmady et al 26 , the use of BMMNCs within a collagen scaffold and nanohydroxyapatite particles, covered by the two platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes, has resulted in better outcomes, compared to anterior iliac crest bone grafting.…”

Research Achievements of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Progress and Prospect

“…The pluripotent stem cells purified in the laboratory have achieved good results in precancerous lesions, OSMF, and periapical cystic lesions. During the treatment of OSMF patients with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy, the patients have significantly improved mouth opening and the mucosal burning sensation gradually reduced, with no complications such as local calcification or sclerosis at the injection site of stem cells [ 69 ]. At present, the sources of stem cells have become abundant.…”