Vermis and lateral lobes of the cerebellum in adolescents born very preterm

Allin, Matthew; Salaria, Shahid; Nosarti, Chiara; Wyatt, John; Rifkin, Larry; Murray, Robin M.

doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000185014.36939.84

Cited by 58 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We focused here on the impact of GC signaling in the developing cerebellum because impaired cerebellar growth is a hallmark of severe neurological injury in preterm infants (5,36,37). In keeping with previous findings (12,38), we observed that WT neonatal mice given chronic Dex treatment showed dramatic inhibition of cerebellar size (60% of normal) as well as persistent cerebellar deficits at P21.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Hedgehog signaling has a protective effect in glucocorticoid-induced mouse neonatal brain injury through an 11βHSD2-dependent mechanism

Heine¹,

Rowitch²

2009

J. Clin. Invest.

136

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are administered to human fetuses at risk of premature delivery and to infants with life-threatening respiratory and cardiac conditions. However, there are ongoing concerns about adverse effects of GC treatment on the developing human brain, although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying GCinduced brain injury are unclear. Here, we identified what we believe to be novel cross-antagonistic interactions of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and GC signaling in proliferating mouse cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNPs). Chronic GC treatment (from P0 through P7) in mouse pups inhibited Shh-induced proliferation and upregulation of expression of N-myc, Gli1, and D-type cyclin protein in CGNPs. Conversely, acute GC treatment (on P7 only) caused transient apoptosis. Shh signaling antagonized these effects of GCs, in part by induction of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2). Importantly, 11βHSD2 antagonized the effects of the GCs corticosterone, hydrocortisone, and prednisolone, but not the synthetic GC dexamethasone. Our findings indicate that Shh signaling is protective in the setting of GC-induced mouse neonatal brain injury. Furthermore, they led us to propose that 11βHSD2-sensitive GCs (e.g., hydrocortisone) should be used in preference to dexamethasone in neonatal human infants because of the potential for reduced neurotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Hedgehog signaling has a protective effect in glucocorticoid-induced mouse neonatal brain injury through an 11βHSD2-dependent mechanism

Heine¹,

Rowitch²

2009

J. Clin. Invest.

136

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“…In 8-year-old prematurely born children, cerebellar volume has been shown to be associated with intelligence and visuomotor functioning [23]. In adolescents born preterm, a smaller cerebellar volume has been shown to be related to lower intelligence [2], and a smaller lateral cerebellar volume to reduced executive, visuospatial, and language functions [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Connections between brain volumes and development have also been found later in childhood and adolescence [1,3,21,24], but volumes have then been measured simultaneously with a developmental assessment and, hence, the predictive value of smaller or larger volumes has not been considered. There are also studies where no statistically significant associations between volumes and outcome in preterm children have been identified [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between brain volumes, neuropsychological assessment and parental questionnaire in prematurely born children

Lind

Haataja

Rautava

et al. 2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between brain volumes at term equivalent age and neuropsychological functions at 5 years of age in very low birth weight (VLBW) children, and to compare the results from a neuropsychological assessment and a parental questionnaire at 5 years of age. The study group included a regional cohort of 97 VLBW children and a control group of 161 children born at term. At term equivalent age, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the VLBW children, and analysed for total and regional brain volumes. At 5 years of age, a psychologist assessed the neuropsychological performance with NEPSY II, and parents completed the Five to fifteen (FTF) questionnaire on development and behaviour. The results of the control group were used to give the age-specific reference values. No significant associations were found between the brain volumes and the NEPSY II domains. As for the FTF, significant associations were found between a smaller total brain tissue volume and poorer executive functions, between a smaller cerebellar volume and both poorer executive functions and motor skills, and, surprisingly, between a larger volume of brainstem and poorer language functions. Even after adjustment for total brain tissue volume, the two associations between the cerebellar volume and the FTF domains remained borderline significant (P = 0.05). The NEPSY II domains Executive Functioning, Language and Motor Skills were significantly associated with the corresponding FTF domains. In conclusion, altered brain volumes at term equivalent age appear to affect development still at 5 years of age. The FTF seems to be a good instrument when used in combination with other neuropsychological assessment

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“…Total cerebellar volume is reported here, in view of previous studies. 7,32,33 Neurodevelopmental Assessment…”

Section: Ventricular Dilatation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total brain white matter is a major determinant of IQ in adolescents born preterm

Northam

Liégeois

Chong

et al. 2011

Annals of Neurology

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Vermis and lateral lobes of the cerebellum in adolescents born very preterm

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Hedgehog signaling has a protective effect in glucocorticoid-induced mouse neonatal brain injury through an 11βHSD2-dependent mechanism

Hedgehog signaling has a protective effect in glucocorticoid-induced mouse neonatal brain injury through an 11βHSD2-dependent mechanism

Relations between brain volumes, neuropsychological assessment and parental questionnaire in prematurely born children

Total brain white matter is a major determinant of IQ in adolescents born preterm

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