Ventilation and gas exchange in unrestrained harp seals (Phoca groenlandica)

REDUCTIONS IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DURING DIVES AND ESTIMATED SUBMERGENCE LIMITATIONS OF STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS)

“…Despite these experimental caveats, our results clearly show that while submerged, Steller sea lions can reduce their rates of oxygen consumption relative to surface rates. Although this key feature of the classic "dive response" has been discussed for many years, it is only relatively recently that researchers have been able to quantify it in freely diving animals (e.g., Kooyman et al 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al 2004. Although differing methods of data analyses can make direct comparisons of diving oxygen consumption between studies problematic, dive-by-dive measurements for other species generally support our findings.…”

“…, Kooyman et al . 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al . 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al .…”

REDUCTIONS IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DURING DIVES AND ESTIMATED SUBMERGENCE LIMITATIONS OF STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS)

“…Despite these experimental caveats, our results clearly show that while submerged, Steller sea lions can reduce their rates of oxygen consumption relative to surface rates. Although this key feature of the classic "dive response" has been discussed for many years, it is only relatively recently that researchers have been able to quantify it in freely diving animals (e.g., Kooyman et al 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al 2004. Although differing methods of data analyses can make direct comparisons of diving oxygen consumption between studies problematic, dive-by-dive measurements for other species generally support our findings.…”

“…, Kooyman et al . 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al . 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al .…”

Field energetics and lung function in wild bottlenose dolphins,Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota Bay Florida

“…In field situations, it is logistically challenging to meet these conditions, and RMR often serves as a proxy for BMR. Relatively few measurements of RMR have been made in marine mammals, and most of these have been made on animals in managed care or with animals held under quasi-natural conditions [17][18][19][20][21]25,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Many of the older studies concluded that the mass-specific RMR is considerably higher in aquatic species than in their terrestrial counterparts.…”

Respiratory Function in Voluntary Participating Patagonia Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens) in Sternal Recumbency

“…Previous studies have measured respiratory physiology in a number of marine mammals, ranging from work on restrained, semi-restrained, and trained animals participating voluntarily (Irving et al, 1941; Scholander and Irving, 1941; Olsen et al, 1969; Kooyman et al, 1971; Kerem et al, 1975; Matthews, 1977; Gallivan and Best, 1980; Gallivan, 1981; Kooyman and Cornell, 1981; Reed et al, 1994, 2000; Fahlman et al, 2015). An important aspect for studies on trained animals is that the individual subject participates voluntarily.…”

REDUCTIONS IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DURING DIVES AND ESTIMATED SUBMERGENCE LIMITATIONS OF STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS)

“…Despite these experimental caveats, our results clearly show that while submerged, Steller sea lions can reduce their rates of oxygen consumption relative to surface rates. Although this key feature of the classic "dive response" has been discussed for many years, it is only relatively recently that researchers have been able to quantify it in freely diving animals (e.g., Kooyman et al 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al 2004. Although differing methods of data analyses can make direct comparisons of diving oxygen consumption between studies problematic, dive-by-dive measurements for other species generally support our findings.…”

“…, Kooyman et al . 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al . 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al .…”

Field energetics and lung function in wild bottlenose dolphins,Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota Bay Florida

“…In field situations, it is logistically challenging to meet these conditions, and RMR often serves as a proxy for BMR. Relatively few measurements of RMR have been made in marine mammals, and most of these have been made on animals in managed care or with animals held under quasi-natural conditions [17][18][19][20][21]25,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Many of the older studies concluded that the mass-specific RMR is considerably higher in aquatic species than in their terrestrial counterparts.…”

Respiratory Function in Voluntary Participating Patagonia Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens) in Sternal Recumbency

“…Previous studies have measured respiratory physiology in a number of marine mammals, ranging from work on restrained, semi-restrained, and trained animals participating voluntarily (Irving et al, 1941; Scholander and Irving, 1941; Olsen et al, 1969; Kooyman et al, 1971; Kerem et al, 1975; Matthews, 1977; Gallivan and Best, 1980; Gallivan, 1981; Kooyman and Cornell, 1981; Reed et al, 1994, 2000; Fahlman et al, 2015). An important aspect for studies on trained animals is that the individual subject participates voluntarily.…”

REDUCTIONS IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DURING DIVES AND ESTIMATED SUBMERGENCE LIMITATIONS OF STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS)

“…Despite these experimental caveats, our results clearly show that while submerged, Steller sea lions can reduce their rates of oxygen consumption relative to surface rates. Although this key feature of the classic "dive response" has been discussed for many years, it is only relatively recently that researchers have been able to quantify it in freely diving animals (e.g., Kooyman et al 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al 2004. Although differing methods of data analyses can make direct comparisons of diving oxygen consumption between studies problematic, dive-by-dive measurements for other species generally support our findings.…”

“…, Kooyman et al . 1973, Gallivan 1981, Castellini et al . 1992, Hurley and Costa 2001, Sparling and Fedak 2004, Williams et al .…”

Field energetics and lung function in wild bottlenose dolphins,Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota Bay Florida

“…In field situations, it is logistically challenging to meet these conditions, and RMR often serves as a proxy for BMR. Relatively few measurements of RMR have been made in marine mammals, and most of these have been made on animals in managed care or with animals held under quasi-natural conditions [17][18][19][20][21]25,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Many of the older studies concluded that the mass-specific RMR is considerably higher in aquatic species than in their terrestrial counterparts.…”

Respiratory Function in Voluntary Participating Patagonia Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens) in Sternal Recumbency

“…Previous studies have measured respiratory physiology in a number of marine mammals, ranging from work on restrained, semi-restrained, and trained animals participating voluntarily (Irving et al, 1941; Scholander and Irving, 1941; Olsen et al, 1969; Kooyman et al, 1971; Kerem et al, 1975; Matthews, 1977; Gallivan and Best, 1980; Gallivan, 1981; Kooyman and Cornell, 1981; Reed et al, 1994, 2000; Fahlman et al, 2015). An important aspect for studies on trained animals is that the individual subject participates voluntarily.…”