Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication in a heterogeneous wireless network – Performance evaluation

Abstract

1. INTRODUCTION A robust wireless communication network is the foundation for connected transportation systems. Reliable and seamless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) data communication is the critical component of Connected Vehicle Technology (CVT) applications. Though there are several communication technologies/options available, such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, LTE, and DSRC, not all can support low latency, accuracy, and the reliability of data transmission required for CVT safety applications (RITA, 2015a). While dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) provides low latency, fast network connectivity, highly secure and highspeed communication for safety applications, reliance on DSRC only may prove detrimental to diverse CVT applications. As a result, research efforts for wireless technologies that can enhance V2V and V2I communications for diverse applications have been undertaken. The wireless communication research community has been exploring combinations of DSRC with Wi-Fi, WiMAX and LTE communication technologies to provide a robust next-generation communication network for connected vehicles (Dar et al., 2010). Moreover, it is expected that DSRC roadside units will be installed at key locations such as intersections and interchanges. Thus, the limited coverage of DSRC (approximately 300 meters) and integration of existing Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and LTE network creates a heterogeneous wireless network (Het-Net) for CVT applications. For continuous connectivity, the shift from one communication network to another relies on the successful handoffs between the networks that ensure optimal utilization of available communication options (i.e., eliminate the need of using multiple communication options at the same time) and corresponding backhaul communication infrastructure requirements depending on the connected vehicle application requirements. In this study, the authors investigated the potential of a Het-Net to provide connectivity for V2V and V2I communications with optimal network resource allocation based on the connected vehicle application requirements. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the performance of Het-Net for i) V2I communications for collecting traffic data, and ii) V2V communications for a collision warning application. For field experiments, the authors utilized the Clemson University Wi-Fi network, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored Science Wireless Network (SciWiNet) infrastructure at Clemson, South Carolina that supports WiMAX, 3G and LTE, and DSRC infrastructure installed in test vehicles and roadsides. SciWiNet project supports a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) for academic research communities (Martin et al., 2015). In additional, an ns-3 simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate Het-Net performance when there are larger numbers of vehicles within close proximity, and validate field test findings. 2. PREVIOUS STUDIES Various wireless technologies have been used to support the data transfer requirements of diverse intelligent t...

DSRC versus 4G-LTE for Connected Vehicle Applications: A Study on Field Experiments of Vehicular Communication Performance

“…Connected Vehicle focuses on localized V2V, Vehicleto-Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to-Device (V2X) Systems to support safety, mobility, and environmental applications using Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC)/Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE) [5]. A pilot study was conducted at UMTRI to examine the feasibility of V2V communication in a largescale, real-world environment [6].…”

Application of Advanced Communication Technologies in the Improvement of Traffic Safety

“…Recent advances of various wireless communication technologies enable different types of communications to be used in vehicular environment [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The VCS communications could be broadly classifi ed into following wide categories:…”

“…In addition, network management is reduced to minimum, which enables immediate exchange of data among vehicles without complex signaling procedures. Nevertheless, there are numerous challenge issues which have to be solved to enable practical implementation of traffi c safety applications using DSRC, such as the following [7,8,9,12,15]: i) reliable delivery of messages, ii) high vehicle mobility (100-200km/h) and dynamic network topology, iii) scalability issues or performance degradation in presence of high vehicle density (the probability of data collisions increases rapidly with the large number of vehicles in a network, resulting in large end-to-end latency and low channel utilization) as a result of un-coordinated probabilistic CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) medium access control mechanism, iv) routing protocol issues as well as v) privacy and security issues. In addition, it is evident that not all vehicles will be equipped with IEEE 802.11p communication interfaces in the initial phase of traffi c safety applications implementation.…”

“…Although the main advantages of DSRC are the ubiquitous communication availability (it can operate without coverage by an infrastructure network) and fully distributed operation mode, there are several major weaknesses of DSRC systems [6,7,11,12], such as the limited communication range (typically 50-100m in urban areas and several 100 meters on highways), prohibitive infrastructure costs (a number of RSUs is required to cover large portions of road networks), QoS (Quality of Service) is not guaranteed (due to uncoordinated probabilistic CSMA/CA contention based access strategy, throughput and delay performances degrades signifi cantly with increasing network load, i.e. with high vehicle density).…”

Internet of Vehicles: Sensing-Aided Transportation Information Collection and Diffusion

“…However, in view of the aforementioned complex time-space characteristics, the IoV aided ITS has irregularly fluctuating dynamic topological structures, which gives rise to grave challenges. Although cellular communication and networking technologies support convenient communications as well as some entertainment services for drivers and passengers, they are not well-suited for some of the sensing aided traffic information collection and diffusion services in V2V or V2I communications [9] [10].…”