Vehicle motion simulators, a key step towards road vehicle dynamics improvement

Mohajer, Navid; Asayesh, Hamid; Nelson, Kyle; Nahavandi, Saeid

doi:10.1080/00423114.2015.1039551

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The validation was done comparing: (i) time series data of relevant steering and handling measurements: lateral acceleration, yaw rate, sideslip angle, roll angle, and steering wheel torque (SWT) (Mohajer et al 2015); and (ii) key metrics as the described in the standards. According to Klemmer, the comparison was done for the highest and lowest tested inputs, to ensure the validity of the models for a wide operating range.…”

Section: Validation Of the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moving base driving simulators (MBDS) are a key step towards a more effective vehicle dynamics development, reducing time and cost, and allowing engineers to focus, in a reliable way, on specific parameters by eliminating parasitic effects and external factors. (Mohajer et al 2015& Hjort et al 2014 Mohajer explains that reliable results require a high level of fidelity and accuracy, which is attained by means of motion, visual, sound and haptic cues (corresponding to vestibular, visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic sensory information). Depending on their fidelity, usability, complexity and costs, MBDS can be classified as high-, mid-or low-level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This validity has been the main focus of previous research, as MBDS allows to study drivers' behaviour and interactions with active safety systems under stressful, dangerous, or non-legal situations (Blana, 1996;Burenger-Koch, 2005;Murano et al 2009). Validation of a Moving Base Driving Simulator for Subjective Assessments of Steering Feel and Handling However, according to Mohajer (2015), and to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is little research about subjective assessments (SA) of vehicle dynamics in MBDS. A pair of examples are: Cossalter et al (2010), on a motorcycle simulator, and Hjort et al (2014), who introduce a methodology for subjective and objective validation of MBDS for onthe-limit handling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a moving base driving simulator for subjective assessments of steering feel and handling

Gómez¹,

Eurenius²,

Cortiñas³

et al. 2016

Advanced Vehicle Control AVEC’16

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Moving Base Driving Simulators (MBDS) have a large potential to increase effectiveness in vehicle dynamics development. MBDS can reduce dependency on vehicle-prototypes by allowing subjective assessments (SA) of models. Little is, however, known about the relation of SA in MBDS and in physical vehicles. This paper aims to increase this knowledge, and proposes and implements a methodology to validate MBDS for SA of steering feel and handling. Firstly, vehicle models were generated from Kinematics & Compliance measurements of real vehicles. These models were validated versus objective tests, with steering robots, of the physical vehicles. These vehicles and their MBDS-models were assessed by expert drivers, using a scanned-test track in the MBDS. Comparison of the SA in both environments enabled the MBDS validation. Promising results, with higher SA accuracy for handling than for steering feel, indicates that the major improvement effort should focus on the steering model and its simulation in the MBDS.

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“…Before deploying a new steering system on the road, a human factors evaluation is indispensable. Driving simulators are regarded as useful tools for the initial evaluation of steering systems, as simulators allow for accurate performance measurements in a safe and controlled environment (Knappe et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2013;Mohajer et al, 2015). However, simulators exhibit limited physical fidelity (e.g., in terms of tactile or vestibular stimuli), which may result in a lack of subjective presence and unrealistic driving performance (De Winter et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of steering-system linearity, simulator motion, and truck driving experience on steering of an articulated tractor-semitrailer combination

et al. 2018

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Steering systems of trucks consist of many linkages, which introduce nonlinearities that may negatively affect steering performance. Nowadays, it is possible to equip steering systems with actuators that provide artificial steering characteristics. However, before new steering systems are deployed in real vehicles, evaluation in a safe and controlled simulator environment is recommended. A much-debated question is whether experiments need to be performed in a motion-base simulator or whether a fixed-base simulator suffices. Furthermore, it is unknown whether simulator-based tests can be validly conducted with a convenience sample of university participants who have not driven a truck before. We investigated the effect of steering characteristic (i.e., nonlinear vs. linear) on drivers' subjective opinions about the ride and the steering system, and on their objective driving performance in an articulated tractor-semitrailer combination. Thirty-two participants (12 truck drivers and 20 university drivers) each completed eight 5.5-min drives in which the simulator's motion system was either turned on or off and the steering model either resembled a linear (i.e., artificial) or nonlinear (i.e., realistic) system. Per drive, participants performed a lane-keeping task, merged onto the highway, and completed four overtaking manoeuvers. Results showed that the linear steering system yielded less subjective and objective steering effort, and better lane-keeping performance, than the nonlinear system. Consistent with prior research, participants drove a wider path through curves when motion was on compared to when motion was off. Truck drivers exhibited higher steering activity than university drivers, but there were no significant differences between the two groups in lane keeping performance and steering effort. We conclude that for future truck steering systems, a linear system may be valuable for improving performance. Furthermore, the results suggest that on-centre evaluations of steering systems do not require a motion base, and should not be performed using a convenience sample of university students.

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“…The use of motion platforms is another method to displace individuals to activate the vestibular system. Motion platforms are often used for land vehicle and flight simulation, training and research to provide a realistic sensation of motion that accompanies visual cues to self-motion (Dahlstrom, Dekker, Van Winsen, & Nyce, 2009;Mohajer, Abdi, Nelson, & Nahavandi, 2015). A popular and widely used type of motion platform is the Stewart platform.…”

Section: Physical Stimulation Of the Vestibular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual-Vestibular Sensory Integration During Congruent and Incongruent Self-Motion Percepts

Kirollos¹

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This thesis examined the contribution of vestibular cues to self-motion perception and their integration with visual self-motion cues. The thesis is divided into five sections. In Section 1, a review of the illusory self-motion perception (i.e., 'vection') literature situates studies undertaken in this thesis. Topics reviewed include vection research, vestibular anatomy and physiology, visual-vestibular sensory integration, visual-vestibular neurophysiology and measurement methods to index vection. In Section 2, two experiments were reported. In E1, a virtual drum was displayed on a virtual reality headset. In E2, a novel measurement method consisting of a circular knob that participants rotated when experiencing vection was used to provide a direct measure of vection speed, direction, and duration. Results showed that vection strength and speed increased as visual stimuli moved faster. In Section 3, two experiments were reported in which circular vection was induced using vestibular air caloric stimulation. Participants had their eyes closed in E3 while receiving caloric vestibular stimulation. In E4 participants received caloric vestibular stimulation while viewing a stationary image in a VR headset. Participants perceived vection in the clockwise direction when cold air was applied to the left ear, and perceived counterclockwise vection when caloric stimulation was in the right ear. Vection speed and duration measures were significantly smaller when participants viewed a stationary display (E4) than when their eyes were closed (E3). In Section 4, the goal was to determine if the visual or vestibular system prevailed in determining direction of self-motion perception during cue conflict. Participants observed an optic flow pattern that induced circular vection while receiving caloric vestibular stimulation also inducing vection. Visual and vestibular stimuli induced vection of approximately equal speeds in two conditions. In the 'congruent motion' condition, visual and vestibular stimuli signaled vection in the same direction. In the 'incongruent motion' condition, visual and vestibular stimuli signaled vection in opposite directions. Results showed that in the incongruent condition, participants experienced vection in the direction signaled by the visual stimulus and vestibular stimulus equal amounts of times. In Section 5, a general discussion on these findings as they relate to optimal cue integration hypothesis is provided.

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Vehicle motion simulators, a key step towards road vehicle dynamics improvement

Cited by 38 publications

References 22 publications

Validation of a moving base driving simulator for subjective assessments of steering feel and handling

The effect of steering-system linearity, simulator motion, and truck driving experience on steering of an articulated tractor-semitrailer combination

Visual-Vestibular Sensory Integration During Congruent and Incongruent Self-Motion Percepts

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