Vehicle Lighting and Modern Roundabouts: Implications for Pedestrian Safety

Bullough, John D.; Skinner, Nicholas P.

doi:10.4271/2012-01-0268

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…RVP is nearly always on the plateau for interior applications such as offices, but this is not the case for outdoor applications such as roadway and vehicle lighting [ 39 , 40 ], making RVP a sensitive measure of visual performance for roadway lighting conditions. A number of studies of visual responses under nighttime driving conditions have been conducted including sign legibility [ 41 , 42 ], pedestrian identification times [ 43 , 44 ], and stopping distances to roadside hazards [ 45 , 46 ]. In each case, measured response times and detection distances were strongly correlated with RVP quantities determined by experimental conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Fog Characteristics, Forward Illumination, and Warning Beacon Intensity Distribution on Roadway Hazard Visibility

Bullough

Rea

2016

The Scientific World Journal

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Warning beacons are critical for the safety of transportation, construction, and utility workers. These devices need to produce sufficient luminous intensity to be visible without creating glare to drivers. Published standards for the photometric performance of warning beacons do not address their performance in conditions of reduced visibility such as fog. Under such conditions light emitted in directions other than toward approaching drivers can create scattered light that makes workers and other hazards less visible. Simulations of visibility of hazards under varying conditions of fog density, forward vehicle lighting, warning beacon luminous intensity, and intensity distribution were performed to assess their impacts on visual performance by drivers. Each of these factors can influence the ability of drivers to detect and identify workers and hazards along the roadway in work zones. Based on the results, it would be reasonable to specify maximum limits on the luminous intensity of warning beacons in directions that are unlikely to be seen by drivers along the roadway, limits which are not included in published performance specifications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Fog Characteristics, Forward Illumination, and Warning Beacon Intensity Distribution on Roadway Hazard Visibility

Bullough

Rea

2016

The Scientific World Journal

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“…The RVP model ( 4) has been validated empirically under a wide range of conditions corresponding to nighttime lighting and driving, including reflective sign legibility (7), vehicle stopping distances to roadside pedestrians (8), pedestrian crosswalk lighting (9), and illuminated roundabout intersections (10). In all cases, RVP values were correlated with measured response times by subjects under nighttime viewing conditions.…”

Section: Visual Performance Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work Zone Lighting and Visual Performance

Bullough

Besenecker

Snyder

et al. 2013

Transportation Research Record

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In part because of the potential for high levels of glare from work zone illumination, recommendations for light levels from work zone illumination systems are substantially higher than for levels used along roadways in non–work zone locations. In a two-part study, requirements for work zone illumination light levels were assessed. First, levels for workers varying in age from 20 to 60 years were evaluated with the relative visual performance model, with and without the presence of visibility-reducing glare. Except for the smallest, lowest-contrast tasks performed by the older workers, an illuminance of 10 lx resulted in visibility well above the threshold even in the presence of glare, and an illuminance of 30 lx resulted in suprathreshold visibility for these conditions as well. The results of these computational analyses were largely confirmed in a full-scale, outdoor field demonstration attended by transportation agency engineers and highway contractors. Together, the findings suggest that when lighting systems provide sufficient glare control, light levels do not always need to be especially high to ensure adequate visibility for workers.

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“…There is some evidence that the combined effect of car headlights and road lighting may reduce the contrast of objects (standard targets) on the road (Bacelar, 2004;Akashi et al, 2003;Rea et al, 2010;Schreuder, 1975;Skinner and Bullough , 2011;Bullough et al, 2012). While road lighting illuminates road surface (horizontally), car headlights illuminate vertical objects on the road, leading to a possible combined effect of reduced contrast.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on their results, they suggested the importance of considering the effect of car headlights as a significant factor in designing road lighting in roundabouts. Bullough et al (2012) conducted a field study on participant's visibility performance in an outdoor roundabout intersection to compare driver's ability to detect and identify pedestrian activity with different car headlights under different road lighting conditions. They used Relative Visual Performance (RVP) model.…”

Section: The Effect Of Different Road Lighting Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Dimmed Road Lighting and Car Headlights on Visibility in Varying Road Surface Conditions

Chenani

Tetri²,

Kosonen

et al. 2018

LEUKOS

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Research question 2 (RQ2):what is the effect of glare from an oncoming car on drivers' visual performance under different road lighting intensities? Research question 3 (RQ3):what is the combined effect of car headlights and different road lighting intensities on detecting the targets from a moving car?The application of the results in intelligent road lighting will be discussed in the final chapter.

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Vehicle Lighting and Modern Roundabouts: Implications for Pedestrian Safety

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Impacts of Fog Characteristics, Forward Illumination, and Warning Beacon Intensity Distribution on Roadway Hazard Visibility

Impacts of Fog Characteristics, Forward Illumination, and Warning Beacon Intensity Distribution on Roadway Hazard Visibility

Work Zone Lighting and Visual Performance

The Effect of Dimmed Road Lighting and Car Headlights on Visibility in Varying Road Surface Conditions

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