Vegetable seeds: A new perspective in future food development

Abstract

Traditionally, vegetables are consumed as ingredients of daily household meals. Before cooking, vegetables are washed thoroughly, unpeeled, and deseeded, followed by chopping into desired shapes and sizes. Vegetable peels and seeds are also byproducts of various food industries. If they are not used, they will contribute significantly to global garbage. On the contrary, developing novel functional foods and food ingredients out of unorthodox sources has become a trending issue among researchers. The focus of this review was to access the utility of seed flour from 16 commonly eaten seed‐bearing vegetables such as ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima), capsicum (Capsicum annuum), drumstick (Moringa oleifera), Gnetum (Gnetum gnemon), hemp (Cannabis sativa), lady's finger (Abelmoschus esculentus), noni (Morinda citrifolia), pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), ridge gourd (Luffa acutangular), snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina), spine gourd (Momordica dioica), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have been presented. A complete picture of the nutritional qualities, phytochemical constituents, health benefits of these vegetable seeds, and their impact on the fortification of ready‐to‐eat foods have been illustrated. The development of functional food goods (bakery products, milk products, cereal‐based products, and meat products) from food waste (vegetable seeds) is extensively discussed in this study. It also highlights possible research gaps related to this field. Novelty impact statement Waste management is a key challenge to achieve the goal of sustainable development, particularly for the vegetable processing industries. Vegetable seeds contribute a hefty share in food waste generation and can be valorized as a food fortification and/or preservation agent.

Examination of Primary and Secondary Metabolites Associated with a Plant-Based Diet and Their Impact on Human Health

“…Required for metabolic functioning [32] Choline Synthesis of phospholipid membrane, cell function [35] Plant-derived antioxidants, mainly polyphenols, for example, flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes, and phenolic acids, possess a comprehensive array of biological traits, antiaging, anticancer, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, etc. [36,37]. There are also several micronutrients, including vitamins (fat-soluble and water-soluble), minerals, and trace elements that are required for human health.…”

Isolation, Purification, Structural Characterization, and Hypoglycemic Activity of Polysaccharide from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. Seed Shell

“…But all kinds of plant seeds contain rich nutrients, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Therefore, more and more attention should be paid to plant seed nutrition and efficacy [5][6][7][8]. Modern medical studies have confirmed that Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.…”

“…Modern medical studies have confirmed that Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seeds contain unsaturated fatty acids, protein, amino acids, triterpene saponins, and 16 trace elements [5,6]. Therefore, Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.…”