Vector quartic solitons in birefringent fibers

Abstract

We theoretically investigated the vector properties of quartic solitons in a pure fourth-order-dispersion birefringent fiber and a quartic-dispersion-dominant mode-locked fiber laser. We found that, compared with scalar pure quartic solitons, a vector quartic soliton (VQS) in the birefringent fiber still preserves the Gaussian shape, except for the distinctions of reduced peak power, central frequency offset, slight frequency chirp, and mitigated oscillatory tails. We also demonstrated that pulse shaping in the mode-locked laser cavity could explicitly facilitate the formation of Kelly sidebands and distortion of oscillatory tails. Furthermore, dynamical evolutions of quartic group-velocity-locked and polarization-rotating vector solitons were obtained to enrich the nonlinear community of VQSs. We believe that our elaborate findings will bring insights into both the fundamental understanding and potential applications of VQSs.

Heteroclinic-structure transition of the pure quartic modulation instability

“…Recently, the biharmonic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSE), a generalized NSE with the combined effects of quartic dispersion and a Kerr nonlinearity, has attracted intense attention due to its breakthrough applications in pure-quartic solitons [29][30][31][32][33]. Here, we choose the biharmonic NSE as a physical model to study MI for two reasons.…”

Parametric instability in the pure-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation

“…It should be pointed out that significant progress has been made on the pure-quartic NLSE in experiments, [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] where pure quartic solitons have been ob-served in photonic crystal waveguides. [24] Such experiments in turn stimulate intense theoretical studies, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] in which nontrivial heteroclinic-structure transition of the pure-quartic MI has been revealed. [35] Thus, we expect more complex properties of parametric instability in the periodic pure-quartic NLSE.…”

Comprehensive analysis of pure-quartic soliton dynamics in a passively mode-locked fiber laser

“…[30] Other researchers have used NLSE-based fiber lasers dominated by β 4 to theoretically study vector quartic-solitons. [31] Research on the performance and dynamic characteristics of PQS fiber lasers needs to be carried out.…”