Vasoprotective endothelial effects of a standardized grape product in humans

Chaves, Alysia; Joshi, Mandar; Coyle, Christen M.; Brady, Joshua E.; Dech, Spencer J.; Schanbacher, Brandon L; Baliga, Reshma S.; Basuray, Anupam; Bauer, John

doi:10.1016/j.vph.2008.08.004

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Several previous studies have revealed that the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods and beverages improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation (20,26,27 ). (27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purified Anthocyanin Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function via NO-cGMP Activation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals

et al. 2011

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BACKGROUND Anthocyanins have been shown to improve endothelial function in animal models. However, whether these compounds have similar beneficial effects in humans is largely unknown. METHODS In a short-term crossover study, 12 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given oral anthocyanins (320 mg) isolated from berries or placebo. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed before and after the intervention. In a long-term intervention trial (12 weeks), 150 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given anthocyanins (320 mg/day, n = 75) or placebo (n = 75), after which we measured FMD, plasma cGMP, and other serum biomarkers. Another short-term intervention was conducted in the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors in 6 people and in a rat aortic ring model (n = 8). RESULTS Significant increases of FMD from 8.3% (0.6%) at baseline to 11.0% (0.8%) at 1 h and 10.1% (0.9%) at 2 h were observed after short-term anthocyanin consumption, concomitantly with increases of plasma anthocyanin concentrations (P < 0.05). In the study participants who received long-term anthocyanin intervention, compared with the control group, we observed significant increases in the FMD (28.4% vs 2.2%), cGMP (12.6% vs −1.2%), and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but decreases in the serum soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 and LDL cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.05). The changes in the cGMP and HDL cholesterol concentrations positively correlated with FMD in the anthocyanin group (P < 0.05). In the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors, the effects of anthocyanin on endothelial function were abolished in human participants and in a rat aortic ring model. CONCLUSIONS Anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic individuals. This effect involves activation of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway, improvements in the serum lipid profile, and decreased inflammation.

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“…Several previous studies have revealed that the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods and beverages improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation (20,26,27 ). (27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(27 ). In vitro, anthocyanin improves vascular function by enhancing the activity of endothelial NOS and soluble guanylyl cyclase (26,27 ). We thus speculated that this effect would be partially mediated by the activation of NO-cGMP signaling in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified Anthocyanin Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function via NO-cGMP Activation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals

et al. 2011

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“…Rodriguez-Mateos and colleagues (2013) showed that a range of blueberry polyphenol doses (0.3-1.88 g polyphenols) acutely increased flow-mediated dilatation in healthy men peaking at 1 h postingestion. A number of studies have also found improvements in endothelial-dependent vasodilatation after chronic supplementation with fruit polyphenols, especially amongst study populations with impaired cardiovascular function (Coimbra et al 2005;Chaves et al 2009;Poreba et al 2009;Khan et al 2014). Despite this evidence of improved peripheral vascular function after either acute or chronic supplementation with fruit flavonoids, the chronic effects of fruit polyphenol supplementation on cerebral perfusion have not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced task-related brain activation and resting perfusion in healthy older adults after chronic blueberry supplementation

Bowtell

Bakkar

Conway

et al. 2017

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

144

158

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Blueberries are rich in flavonoids, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. High flavonoid intakes attenuate age-related cognitive decline, but data from human intervention studies are sparse. We investigated whether 12 weeks of blueberry concentrate supplementation improved brain perfusion, task-related activation, and cognitive function in healthy older adults. Participants were randomised to consume either 30 mL blueberry concentrate providing 387 mg anthocyanidins (5 female, 7 male; age 67.5 ± 3.0 y; body mass index, 25.9 ± 3.3 kg·m −2 ) or isoenergetic placebo (8 female, 6 male; age 69.0 ± 3.3 y; body mass index, 27.1 ± 4.0 kg·m −2 ). Pre-and postsupplementation, participants undertook a battery of cognitive function tests and a numerical Stroop test within a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging scanner while functional magnetic resonance images were continuously acquired. Quantitative resting brain perfusion was determined using an arterial spin labelling technique, and blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured. Significant increases in brain activity were observed in response to blueberry supplementation relative to the placebo group within Brodmann areas 4/6/10/ 21/40/44/45, precuneus, anterior cingulate, and insula/thalamus (p < 0.001) as well as significant improvements in grey matter perfusion in the parietal (5.0 ± 1.8 vs -2.9 ± 2.4%, p = 0.013) and occipital (8.0 ± 2.6 vs -0.7 ± 3.2%, p = 0.031) lobes. There was also evidence suggesting improvement in working memory (2-back test) after blueberry versus placebo supplementation (p = 0.05). Supplementation with an anthocyanin-rich blueberry concentrate improved brain perfusion and activation in brain areas associated with cognitive function in healthy older adults.Key words: polyphenols, cognitive function, cerebral perfusion, fMRI, blueberry, aging.Résumé : Les bleuets contiennent beaucoup de flavonoïdes lesquels possèdent des propriétés antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires. Un apport élevé en flavonoïdes atténue le déclin cognitif associé à l'âge, mais il y a peu d'études menées chez des humains. Nous analysons si 12 semaines de supplémentation d'un concentré de bleuets améliorent la perfusion cérébrale, l'activation cérébrale associée à une tâche et la fonction cognitive chez des personnes âgées en bonne santé. On répartit aléatoirement les participants en deux groupes, l'un (5 femmes, 7 hommes; âge 67,5 ± 3,0 ans; l'indice de masse corporelle 25,9 ± 3,3 kg·m −2 ) consommant 30 mL de concentré de bleuets procurant 387 mg d'anthocyanidines et l'autre (8 femmes, 6 hommes; âge 69,0 ± 3,3 ans; l'indice de masse corporelle 27,1 ± 4,0 kg·m −2 ), un placebo isoénergétique. Avant et après la supplémentation, les participants se soumettent à une batterie de tests de la fonction cognitive et au test numérique de Stroop dans un appareil de magnétique fonctionnelle 1.5T pour l'obtention en continu de clichés au moyen de la technique d'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle. On détermine le volume de pe...

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“…As reported in Table 2, most studies investigating the effects of grape juice and grape extracts measured urinary isoprostanes, total and LDL cholesterolemia, LDL oxidation, endothelial function, platelet aggregation and inflammatory cytokine levels, which are among the most widely recognized biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases [7,8]. The most important positive effects reported were: 1) the reduction of systolic blood pressure (5 papers with positive association and one with no significant difference versus control) [9][10][11]; 2) the improvement of endothelial functions, assessed by measuring the flow-mediated-dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery (11 in favour and 3 without significant results) [9,[12][13][14]. Encouraging results were observed on systolic blood pressure; in fact 5 papers out of 6 indicated a reduction of this parameter in both healthy and pre-hypertensive subjects after the consumption of one cup daily (for 42 days) of raisins or a snack containing raisins 3 times a day (for 84 days) [15,16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of non-alcoholic grape-derived products on human health: A literature review

Lorenzo

Sousa

Pastor

et al. 2015

BIO Web of Conferences

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Abstract.Vine is widely cultivated due to the economic value of wine and other grape derivatives. The grape berry is characterized by the presence of a wide variety of flavonoids, which have been investigated for their health promoting properties. Several epidemiological studies have shown that a moderate consumption of wine is associated with a J-shaped effect on some risk factors for chronic diseases. On the other hand, the wine market has shown a decreasing trend due to the frequent abuse of alcoholic beverages also by young people, as denounced by WHO. Accordingly, the scientific research in the field of non-alcoholic grape products has been further stimulated. The aim of this paper was a preliminary collection of data on human studies supporting the beneficial properties of unfermented grape products. The most convincing positive effects, observed in humans, consisted in the reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and oxidative stress. Other human trials have been published in the area of: immune system, diabetes, cognitive functions, oral health, and cancer. Generally speaking, the findings listed in this review support the use of non-alcoholic grape derivatives, as a source of beneficial compounds for the human diet, even though further studies are necessary.

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Vasoprotective endothelial effects of a standardized grape product in humans

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

Purified Anthocyanin Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function via NO-cGMP Activation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals

Purified Anthocyanin Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function via NO-cGMP Activation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals

Enhanced task-related brain activation and resting perfusion in healthy older adults after chronic blueberry supplementation

Beneficial effects of non-alcoholic grape-derived products on human health: A literature review

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