Vasitis: An Uncommon Diagnosis Mimicking Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia

Kerkeni, W.; Saadi, Ahmed; Miled, Aicha Ben; Chakroun, Marouene; Ayed, H.; Bouzouita, A.; Chérif, Mohamed; Slama, R; Mnif, N.; Derouiche, A.; Chébil, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2016.03.011

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In our in vitro model, CaOx crystals stimulate a significant, finely regulated, dose- and time-dependent release of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 (Figures 1 and 2 ) from both human monocytes and THP-1 cells, similar to the innate immune response seen after LPS or peptidoglycan exposure ( 18 , 28 , 29 ). Consistent with Williams et al results ( 17 ), we also demonstrate IL-6 expression in primary human monocytes (Figure 2 C, blue bars). THP-1 cells expressed IL-23 and IL-10; however, primary human monocytes did not express IL-23 and IL-10.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, Okada et al reported an overall increase in CD68 (+) macrophages in 60 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cancer who were then retrospectively classified as stone formers ( 13 ). Furthermore, Williams et al demonstrated that monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of CaOx stone formers ( n = 12) displayed significantly lower mitochondrial maximal respiration, reserve capacity, and bioenergetic health index compared to healthy donors ( 17 ). To further our understanding of these immune responses, we exposed primary human monocytes and a monocyte cell line (THP-1 cells) to soluble oxalate, CaOx crystals, and a variety of other minerals and controls to determine response, time-dependent effects, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium Oxalate Differentiates Human Monocytes Into Inflammatory M1 Macrophages

et al. 2018

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PurposeA number of hyperoxaluric states have been associated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposits in the kidneys. In animal models of stone disease, these crystals interact with circulating monocytes that have migrated into the kidney as part of innate immunity. Similarly, macrophages surround CaOx crystals in kidneys of patients excreting high levels of oxalate. We investigate the effect of this exposure and subsequent human immunological response in vitro.Materials and methodsPrimary human monocytes were collected from healthy donors and exposed to CaOx, potassium oxalate, and zinc oxalate (ZnOx). Cytokine production was measured with a multiplex ELISA. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was done to validate the mRNA profile expression. M1 macrophage phenotype was confirmed with immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsBoth primary monocytes and THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, respond strongly to CaOx crystals in a dose-dependent manner producing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 transcripts. Exposure to CaOx followed by 1 h with LPS had an additive effect for cytokine production compared to LPS alone, however, LPS followed by CaOx led to significant decrease in cytokine production. Supernatants taken from monocytes were previously exposed to CaOx crystals enhance M2 macrophage crystal phagocytosis. CaOx, but not potassium or ZnOx, promotes monocyte differentiation into inflammatory M1-like macrophages.ConclusionIn our in vitro experiment, human monocytes were activated by CaOx and produced inflammatory cytokines. Monocytes recognized CaOx crystals through a specific mechanism that can enhance or decrease the innate immune response to LPS. CaOx promoted M1 macrophage development. These results suggest that monocytes have an important role promoting CaOx-induced inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Oxalate Differentiates Human Monocytes Into Inflammatory M1 Macrophages

et al. 2018

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“…Mitochondrial function is important in regulating energy production and redox signaling in monocytes [15] . We have previously reported that monocyte mitochondrial function is impaired in patients with CaOx kidney stone disease [19] . The objective of this study was to identify whether oxalate in its soluble or crystalline form could decrease monocyte mitochondrial function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We have previously determined that patients with CaOx kidney stones have decreased mitochondrial function in their circulating monocytes compared to healthy subjects [19] . A potential candidate responsible for suppressing mitochondrial function in monocytes is oxalate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalate induces mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupts redox homeostasis in a human monocyte derived cell line

et al. 2018

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Monocytes/macrophages are thought to be recruited to the renal interstitium during calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone disease for crystal clearance. Mitochondria play an important role in monocyte function during the immune response. We recently determined that monocytes in patients with CaOx kidney stones have decreased mitochondrial function compared to healthy subjects. The objective of this study was to determine whether oxalate, a major constituent found in CaOx kidney stones, alters cell viability, mitochondrial function, and redox homeostasis in THP-1 cells, a human derived monocyte cell line. THP-1 cells were treated with varying concentrations of CaOx crystals (insoluble form) or sodium oxalate (NaOx; soluble form) for 24 h. In addition, the effect of calcium phosphate (CaP) and cystine crystals was tested. CaOx crystals decreased cell viability and induced mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance in THP-1 cells compared to control cells. However, NaOx only caused mitochondrial damage and redox imbalance in THP-1 cells. In contrast, both CaP and cystine crystals did not affect THP-1 cells. Separate experiments showed that elevated oxalate also induced mitochondrial dysfunction in primary monocytes from healthy subjects. These findings suggest that oxalate may play an important role in monocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in CaOx kidney stone disease.

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“…Vasitis is an uncommon condition that can be misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia due to a similar appearance at ultrasound, which leads to unnecessary surgeries. CT helps in the differentiation of vasitis from inguinal hernia because of the latter is clearly identifiable in multiplanar reconstructions [ 1 ].…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%