“…In fact, the overall orientation of research typically tended toward being negative, with research findings emphasising such features as: the historical social stigma associated with vasectomy (e.g., Kohli & Sobrero, 1973, fear of pain (e.g., Groat, Neal, & Wicks, 1990), 'adverse psychological changes' (Ziegler et al, 1969, p. 53), sexual 'dysfunction' (e.g., Ziegler et al, 1969) or regret (e.g., Miller et al, 1990Miller et al, , 1991aMiller et al, , 1991b. Concerns about men being 'pressured' into the operation, both by partners and 'vasectomarketing' also pervaded research, and was often treated as the cause of many negative psychological effects (e.g., Miller et al, 1991a;Wolfers & Wolfers, 1973. Even where men were reported as speaking of satisfaction following a vasectomy, this was often treated as a 'defensive mechanism', distorting the much more negative 'reality' of their experience (e.g., Horenstein & Houston, 1975;Rodgers, et al, 1965).…”