Variáveis Fisiológicas, Produção E Qualidade Do Leite De Cabras Parda Alpina No Período Seco Do Semiárido

Abstract

VARIÁVEIS FISIOLÓGICAS, PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DO LEITE DE CABRAS PARDA ALPINA NO PERÍODO SECO DO SEMIÁRIDO 
 
 JACIARA RIBEIRO MIRANDA1; DERMEVAL ARAÚJO FURTADO2; JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO3; JOSÉ WALLACE BARBOSA4; JOAQUIM REGIS MALHEIROS FILHO5
 
 Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil,1jaciara-miranda@hotmail.com; 2araujodermeval@gmail.com; 3lopesneto@gmail.com; 4wallacebosa@hotmail.com; 5malheirosfilho@yahoo.com.br.
 
 RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ambiente sobre as variáveis fisiológicas, desempenho produtivo e qualidade do leite de cabras de três grupos genéticos, Parda Alpinas, ¾ Parda Alpina + ¼ SRD e ½ Parda Alpina + ½ SRD, no período seco no semiárido paraibano. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 3 tratamentos e 9 repetições, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo o teste de Tukey a 5 %. Conclui-se que nas condições do ambiente estudado, as cabras Parda Alpina, das composições genéticas ½, ¾ e pura, conseguiram manter a homeotermia, utilizando de forma semelhante o aumento da frequência respiratória nas horas mais quentes do dia. A composição ¾ Parda Alpina apresentou maior produção de leite, sendo o grupo indicado para ser explorado nas condições do presente estudo, sendo que a qualidade do leite não foi afetada pela composição racial. Não ocorreu diferença significativa entre os componentes do leite entre os grupos genéticos e os animais ½ Alpina apresentam menores valores de contagem de células somáticas entre os grupos genéticos, sendo estes mais adaptados às condições ambientais e menos susceptíveis às infecções da glândula mamária.
 
 Palavras-chaves: ambiência, contagem de células somáticas, caprinocultura, grupo racial, produção leiteira.
 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES, PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF ALPINE GOATS MILK IN THE SEMIARID IN THE DRYING PERIOD
 
 ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the environment on the physiological variables, productive performance and milk quality of goats from three genetic groups, Parda Alpines, ¾ Parda Alpine + ¼ SRD and ½ Parda Alpine + ½ SRD, in semi-arid dry period in Paraiba State. The statistical design used was completely randomized, with 3 treatments and 9 replicates. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% of significance. It was concluded that Parda Alpina goats, from genetic compositions ½, ¾ and pure, were able to maintain the homeothermia, similarly using increased respiratory rate during the hottest hours of the day. The composition ¾ Parda Alpina + ¼ SRD presented higher milk production, being the group indicated to be explored under the conditions of this present study, milk quality was not affected by racial composition. There was no significant difference between milk components between the genetic groups and the ½ Alpine animals, showing lower values of somatic cell counts among the genetic groups, turn them more adapted to the environmental conditions and less susceptible to mammary gland infections.
 
 Keywords: ambience, somatic cell count, goat breeding, racial group, dairy production

Avaliação da resposta termorregulatória de cabras expostas naturalmente ao clima tropical a partir do uso de dados longitudinais

“…Researchers have investigated the direct or isolated influence of the effects of year, collection period, and animal age on the variation of physiological parameters in ruminants in tropical environments (N. L Ribeiro et al, 2016;Miranda et al, 2019). The physiological stage, which is a particularity of females that is associated with altered immunity (Oliveira et al, 2019), has been little studied for this purpose, with the exception of works such as those of Façanha et al (2012) and Mousinho et al (2014).…”

“…The high temperature of the environment in the dry season of the year directly influenced the variation in the RT of the animals. In the rainy season, the RT variation was also influenced by relative humidity, which was higher, reducing heat loss (Souza et al, 2012;Miranda et al, 2019). This argument is based on the significance of CP on RR, which was lower in the months of June and July, when the ambient temperature was milder in relation to the rainy and dry seasons in the region.…”

“…min -1 , which did not exceed the variation range of 20 to 61 mov. min -1 described in a survey by M. N. Ribeiro et al (2018) and Miranda et al (2019) with different goat breeds in Brazil using oneoff values measured in places with average ambient temperature above 30 ºC.…”

“…In this case, the air temperature being close to that of the animal's body did not favor thermolysis. Thus, heat loss was most effective by the evaporative mechanism, as it does not depend greatly on the temperature differential between the animal and the environment (Miranda et al, 2019).…”