Variations in leaf β 13 C along a vertical profile of irradiance in a temperate Japanese forest

Hanba, Yuko T.; Mori, Shigeta; Lei, Thomas T.; Koike, Takao; Wada, Eitaro

doi:10.1007/s004420050158

Cited by 92 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although our data are similar to those on stable carbon isotope variations in single tree foliage obtained by other authors Long 1982, 1986;Hanba et al 1997;Schleser 1999), our results refer to segmented needles. The main objective of this study was to determine homogeneity of C isotope composition in single needles of pine trees.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Carbon isotope distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra Arnold)

Barszczowska¹,

Jędrysek²

2011

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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In this paper we show spatial carbon isotope variations in black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) needles, collected in spring 2001 and autumn 2003, from trees at the coast of south-western Croatia island (irje) and southern Spain (Benalmadena near Malaga), respectively. Needles were segmented perpendicularly to the longer axis (base, middle and top) and each segment was analysed separately. @ 13 C values in needles from Croatia varied between -26.65 to -24.43 (2 months old needles) and from -28.25 to -25.21 (1 year old needles), while @ 13 C values in needles from Spain varied from -27.58 to -25.27. The difference between @ 13 C b (base) and @ 13 C t (top) in the same needle (, 13 C b-t ) varied from 1.85 to 2.05 (in young needles from Croatia), from 0,02 to 1,80 (young needles from Spain), and 1.16 to 2.32, (in old needles from Croatia). The average , 13 C b-t values were 0.78 and 1.73 in Spain and Croatia, respectively. In each needle the base of the needle was always 13 C-enriched as compared to the top of the same needle. This evidences that carbon isotopes are not retranslocated after its fixation into the leaf structure (after the growth process is over). Temperature variation was most probably negligible for the discovered intraneedle carbon isotope distribution. Although, the intraneedle carbon isotope inhomogeneity can be partly the result of seasonal variation in @ 13 C of atmospheric CO 2 , most probably the remarkably high , 13 C b-t values, and regular pattern, are predominantly resulting from isotopic and chemical composition of primary and secondary products contained in the growing part of needle and kinetic isotope fractionation during decomposition of storage materials at the base.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Carbon isotope distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra Arnold)

Barszczowska¹,

Jędrysek²

2011

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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“…Indeed, various studies revealed an increase of d 13 C in tree biomass with increasing irradiance (e.g., Hanba et al 1997). The 1926-1975 and 1976-2005 in aggregated neighborhood categories (relative contribution of Fagus to competition index (CI) 70-100%: Fagus70-100, n = 9; relative contribution of Fagus to competition index CI \ 70%: Fagus\70, n = 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aboveground competition may also result in changes of the canopy structure and the light regime, thereby affecting the d 13 C signature of leaf mass (Medina et al 1991;Buchmann et al 1997;Hanba et al 1997;West et al 2001). Further, competition could affect the water availability for the competing species in a mixed stand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

δ13C signature of tree rings and radial increment of Fagus sylvatica trees as dependent on tree neighborhood and climate

Mölder

Leuschner

2010

Trees

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We conducted dendroecological analyses in 80-year-long tree ring chronologies to detect neighborhood effects (competition intensity, species identity) on the d 13 C signature of tree rings and radial stem increment of Fagus sylvatica trees growing either in monospecific or mixed patches of a temperate forest. We hypothesized that tree ring d 13 C is a more sensitive indicator of neighborhood effects and the impact of climate variability on growth than is ring width. We found a closer correlation of summer precipitation to d 13 C than to ring width. While the ring width showed a decline over the test period , the mean curve of d 13 C increased until the mid of the 1970s, remained high until about 1990, and markedly decreased thereafter. Possible explanations related to ontogeny and environmental change ('age effect' due to canopy closure; elevated atmospheric SO 2 concentrations in the 1960s-1980s) are discussed. Beech target trees surrounded by many allospecific trees had a significantly lower mean d 13 C in the period 1926-1975 than beech with predominantly or exclusively conspecific neighborhood, possibly indicating a more favorable water supply of beech in diverse stands. Contrary to expectation, trees subject to more intense competition by neighboring trees (measured by Hegyi's competition index) had lower d 13 C values in their tree rings, which is thought to reflect denser canopies being linked to increased shading. We conclude that tree ring d 13 C time series represent combined archives of climate variability, stand history and neighborhood effects on tree physiology and growth that may add valuable information to that obtained from conventional tree ring analysis.

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“…10.1 and 10.2), and some environmental variables was originally conceptualized in a seminal paper by Francey and Farquhar (1982). One important size-related environmental change is increased shading within tree crowns (Francey et al 1985;Ehleringer et al 1986;Hanba et al 1997;Carswell et al 2000;Parker et al 2002;Poorter et al 2005;Lloyd et al 2009) which raises p c because A declines via reduced light interception. This change in the light environment occurs within the height profile of individual trees within closed-canopy forests, but does not occur at the tops of canopy-dominant trees or in open-grown trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(10.1-10.3), D declined with decreasing p c due to increased A at higher irradiance, and decreased g c with longer branch lengths. Other structural and physiological responses to increased tree size that can impact D include increases in leaf thickness (Vitousek et al 1990;Bond et al 1999;Hanba et al 1997;Koch et al 2004;Ishii et al 2008;Ambrose et al 2009;Ishii 2011) and hence decreasing g i (Warren and Adams 2006), although correlations between g i and leaf thickness are not always observed (Terashima et al 2005). This morphological response is commonly thought to be adaptive to the light environment, although it also driven by the gravitational constraint on leaf water potential (0.01 MPa m −1 ) and subsequent impacts on turgor during leaf expansion (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination

et al. 2011

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Understanding how tree size impacts leaf-and crown-level gas exchange is essential to predicting forest yields and carbon and water budgets. The stable carbon isotope ratio (d 13 C) of organic matter has been used to examine the relationship of gas exchange to tree size for a host of species because it carries a temporally integrated signature of foliar photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The carbon isotope composition of leaves reflects discrimination against 13 C relative to 12 C during photosynthesis and is the net result of the balance of change in CO 2 supply and demand at the sites of photosynthesis within the leaf mesophyll. Interpreting the patterns of changes in d 13 C with tree size are not always clear, however, because multiple factors that regulate gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination (D) co-vary with height, such as solar irradiance and hydraulic conductance. Here we review 36 carbon isotope datasets from 38 tree species and conclude that there is a consistent, linear decline of D with height. The most parsimonious explanation of this result is that gravitational constraints on maximum leaf water potential set an ultimate boundary on the shape and sign of the relationship. These hydraulic constraints are manifest both over the long term through impacts on leaf structure, and over diel periods via impacts on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance. Shading induces a positive offset to the linear decline, consistent with light limitations reducing carbon fixation and increasing partial pressures of CO 2 inside of the leaf, p c at a given height. Biome differences between tropical and temperate forests were more important in predicting D and its relationship to height than wood type associated with being an angiosperm or gymnosperm. It is not yet clear how leaf internal conductance varies with leaf mass area, but some data in particularly tall, temperate conifers suggest that photosynthetic capacity may not vary dramatically with height when compared between tree-tops, while stomatal and leaf internal conductances do decline in unison with height within canopy gradients. It is also clear that light is a critical variable low in the canopy, whereas hydrostatic constraints dominate the relationship between D and height in the upper canopy. The trend of increasing maximum height with decreasing minimum D suggests that trees that become particularly tall may be adapted to tolerate particularly low values of p c .

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Variations in leaf β 13 C along a vertical profile of irradiance in a temperate Japanese forest

Cited by 92 publications

References 33 publications

Carbon isotope distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra Arnold)

Carbon isotope distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra Arnold)

δ13C signature of tree rings and radial increment of Fagus sylvatica trees as dependent on tree neighborhood and climate

Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination

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