Variation of Visual Detection Over the 24-Hour Period in Humans

Tassi, Patricia; Pellerin, Nicolas; Moessinger, Michèle; Eschenlauer, Roland; Muzet, Alain

doi:10.1081/cbi-100102115

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…People detect changes in luminosity more easily in the evening, compared with the morning. 28 Detection of two separate sounds was also better in the evening. 2 Circadian variations have been documented in the perception of time.…”

Section: Circadian Variations In Performance Of Different Tasksmentioning

confidence: 86%

Circadian rhythms in cognitive performance: implications for neuropsychological assessment

Valdéz¹,

Ramírez²,

García³

2012

CPT

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Circadian variations have been found in human performance, including the efficiency to execute many tasks, such as sensory, motor, reaction time, time estimation, memory, verbal, arithmetic calculations, and simulated driving tasks. Performance increases during the day and decreases during the night. Circadian rhythms have been found in three basic neuropsychological processes (attention, working memory, and executive functions), which may explain oscillations in the performance of many tasks. The time course of circadian rhythms in cognitive performance may be modified significantly in patients with brain disorders, due to chronotype, age, alterations of the circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, type of disorder, and medication. This review analyzes the recent results on circadian rhythms in cognitive performance, as well as the implications of these rhythms for the neuropsychological assessment of patients with brain disorders such as traumatic head injury, stroke, dementia, developmental disorders, and psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Circadian Variations In Performance Of Different Tasksmentioning

confidence: 86%

Circadian rhythms in cognitive performance: implications for neuropsychological assessment

Valdéz¹,

Ramírez²,

García³

2012

CPT

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“…Earlier studies in humans showed a daily variation in retinal visual sensitivity, suggesting lower sensitivities in the early morning. [7][8][9] Besides a daily variation, a seasonal (circannual) variation might also be present. After all, exposure to light varies per season and prior light history affects light sensitivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Several researchers examined circadian rhythms in visual thresholds. [7][8][9]12,29 Although the confidence intervals were wide, retinal sensitivity seemed to be the lowest in the early morning. We found the lowest sensitivity directly after lunch and, in a subgroup of patients with early glaucoma, the highest sensitivity in the early morning.…”

Section: Time Of Daymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors That Influence Standard Automated Perimetry Test Results in Glaucoma: Test Reliability, Technician Experience, Time of Day, and Season

Montolio

Wesselink

Gordijn

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

102

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PURPOSE.To determine the influence of several factors on standard automated perimetry test results in glaucoma.METHODS. Longitudinal Humphrey field analyzer 30-2 Swedish interactive threshold algorithm data from 160 eyes of 160 glaucoma patients were used. The influence of technician experience, time of day, and season on the mean deviation (MD) was determined by performing linear regression analysis of MD against time on a series of visual fields and subsequently performing a multiple linear regression analysis with the MD residuals as dependent variable and the factors mentioned above as independent variables. Analyses were performed with and without adjustment for the test reliability (fixation losses and false-positive and false-negative answers) and with and without stratification according to disease stage (baseline MD).RESULTS. Mean follow-up was 9.4 years, with on average 10.8 tests per patient. Technician experience, time of day, and season were associated with the MD. Approximately 0.2 dB lower MD values were found for inexperienced technicians (P < 0.001), tests performed after lunch (P < 0.001), and tests performed in the summer or autumn (P < 0.001). The effects of time of day and season appeared to depend on disease stage. Independent of these effects, the percentage of false-positive answers strongly influenced the MD with a 1 dB increase in MD per 10% increase in false-positive answers. The variability of SAP test results depends on many factors. A well-known factor is disease stage. 1,2 Other factors are patient motivation and technician performance, the latter via appropriateness of refraction and patient instruction, reassurance before the test, and patient monitoring during the test. [3][4][5] Circadian rhythms and seasonal influences may also contribute to the variability. These periodicities may influence SAP test results in at least two different ways. First, patients need a good cognitive function to perform perimetry. In an extensive review, Blatter et al. 6 described a daily variation in cognitive function in humans. Cognitive function deteriorated over the day in the elderly (at the typical age of a glaucoma patient), whereas the opposite is the case in young subjects. Second, SAP measures a threshold sensitivity of the visual system. Earlier studies in humans showed a daily variation in retinal visual sensitivity, suggesting lower sensitivities in the early morning. CONCLUSIONS.7-9 Besides a daily variation, a seasonal (circannual) variation might also be present. After all, exposure to light varies per season and prior light history affects light sensitivity.10 Indeed, retinal sensitivity seems to be highest in the spring. 11,12 Variability is entangled with reliability, which is commonly assessed by reliability indices and displayed as the percentages of fixation losses (FL) and false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) answers. Two issues concerning reliability are relevant to this study. First, whether reliability as assessed by the reliability indices influences variability. Se...

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“…Circadian changes of visual sensitivity have been previously described in humans. The studies have found increased threshold in the morning (13,27,28); the lowest threshold level has been detected at the beginning of the night (27,28) or in the second half of the night (29). The threshold has been lower at night than during the day (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Retinal Circadian Rhythms in Humans*

Tuunainen¹,

Kripke²,

Cress³

et al. 2001

Chronobiology International

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Circadian rhythms in the retina may reflect intrinsic rhythms in the eye. Previous reports on circadian variability in electrophysiological human retinal measures have been scanty, and the results have been somewhat inconsistent. We studied the circadian variation of the electrooculography (EOG), electroretinography (ERG), and visual threshold (VTH) in subjects undergoing a 36h testing period. We used an ultrashort sleep-wake cycle to balance effects of sleep and light-dark across circadian cycles. Twelve healthy volunteers (10 males, 2 females; mean age 26.3 years, standard deviation [SD] 8.0 years, range 19-40 years) participated in the study. The retinal functions and oral temperature were measured every 90 min. The EOG was measured in the light, whereas the ERG and the VTH were measured in the dark. Sleep was inferred from activity detected by an Actillume monitor. The EOG peak-to-peak responses followed a circadian rhythm, with the peak occurring late in the morning (acrophase 12:22). The ERG b-wave implicit time peaked in the early morning (acrophase 06:46). No statistically significant circadian rhythms could be demonstrated in the ERG a-wave implicit time or peak-to-peak amplitude. The VTH rhythm peaked in the early morning (acrophases 07:59 for blue and 07:32 for red stimuli). All retinal rhythms showed less-consistent acrophases than the temperature and sleep rhythms. This study demonstrated several different circadian rhythms in retinal electrophysiological and psychophysical measures of healthy subjects. As the retinal rhythms had much poorer signal-to-noise ratios than the temperature rhythm, these measures cannot be recommended as circadian markers.

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Variation of Visual Detection Over the 24-Hour Period in Humans

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Circadian rhythms in cognitive performance: implications for neuropsychological assessment

Circadian rhythms in cognitive performance: implications for neuropsychological assessment

Factors That Influence Standard Automated Perimetry Test Results in Glaucoma: Test Reliability, Technician Experience, Time of Day, and Season

Retinal Circadian Rhythms in Humans*

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