Variation of properties of chrysotile asbestos subjected to milling

Langer, Arthur M.; Wolff, Mary S.; Rohl, Arthur N.; Selikoff, Irving J.

doi:10.1080/15287397809529654

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The more highly opened material had fibers with smaller diameters and greater surface areas. Langer et al (1978) observed that vigorous dry ballmilling of chrysotile reduced its crystallinity as determined by X-ray powder diffraction and changed its surface chemistry as evidenced by IR spectroscopy and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl reduction. Hemolytic potency was reported to have markedly decreased with milling time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysis of Erythrocytes by Silicate Minerals

Oscarson

1986

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--In vitro studies of the destruction (lysis) of bovine red blood cells (erythrocytes) by some silicate minerals showed the reaction to be complete in less than 1 hr and very destructive to the cell membrane. The activity as lysing agents was found to be in the order smectites > silica > palygorskite -~ sepiolite > chrysotile > kaolinite. Different compositions (Fe, A1, Mg, Li, vacancy) of the octahedral sheet of the smectite and fibrous clay minerals did not appreciably alter their hemolytic activity. The most active particle size range for kaolinite and montmoriUonite was 0.2-2 ~m. Structural folding of palygorskite reduced lysis suggesting that edge surfaces and silanol groups are important in this process. Aluminum oxides and hydroxides caused no lysis, and coatings of positively charged aluminum-hydroxy polymers on montmorillonite, silica, palygorskite, and kaolinite significantly reduced lysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysis of Erythrocytes by Silicate Minerals

Oscarson

1986

Clays and clay miner.

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“…5 pm, would otherwise pose few optical problems, but their length makes them most difficult to incorporate in a transparent KBr disk. Extensive grinding would defiberize the material and eventually shorten the length of the fiber bundles, defeating the purpose of this study (24). The 1R spectra of all five materials are very similar and a detailed examination is necessary to identify their distinguishing features.…”

Section: Ir Spectra -Transmission Versus Reflectancementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative IR-ATR spectrometry of asbestos fibers on membrane filters

Kimmerle¹,

Noël²,

Khorami³

1984

Can. J. Chem.

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, 441 (1984). We have developed a new IR-ATR spectroscopic technique for the identification and quantification of fibers collected on PVC filters. This nondestructive method has a detection limit of about 10 kg, involves no sample preparation, and is relatively insensitive to nonserpentine dusts normally associated with the asbestos mining and milling industries.An analysis of the ATR phenomena for a fiber matt indicates that the logarithmic ratio of the reflectivity varies with the surface concentration C as:where Cs is the concentration for a monolayer of fiber, r the mean fiber diameter. Thus, the absorption should reach a plateau when a sufficient thickness is obtained, and this nonlinear region should be attained at lower wavelength, and at lower concentrations for long fibers having a high aspect ratio. We further predict that the relative absorption A (Al)/A(AZ) where A, < A,, should decrease with fiber dimension.,.The ATR signal at 303 cm-I, corresponding to a lattice vibration, varies linearly with fiber concentration up to 100 pg/cm2, whereas the intensity of this band relative to the OH stretching band at 3690 cm-' is a monotonic function, representing the fiber morphology. Dust levels and fiber morphology established from the IR-ATR spectroscopy are consistent with measurements by light and electron microscopy. Une analyse du phCnomkne ATR pour un certain recouvrement de fibres indique que le rapport logarithrnique de la rCflectivitC varie avec la concentration a la surface C tel que:oh Cs est la concentration pour une monocouche de fibre et r le diamktre moyen de la fibre. Pour une concentration d e surface suffisante, un plateau sera obtenu plus rapidement pour les courtes longueurs d'ondes et pour les fibres ayant un rapport longueur/diamktre ClevC. Nous pouvons prCdire que I'absorption relative A(Al)/A (A2), oh A , < A,, doit dirninuer en fonction de la dimension des fibres.Le signal ATR i 303 cm-I, caractkristique de la vibration de la maille cristalline, varie IinCairement avec une concentration de 100 pg/cm2 de fibres tandis que les rapports des bandes d'absorption de 303 cm-,13690 cm-' (3690 crn-' = vibration OH) nous donnent plutBt une fonction monotone representative de la morphologie des fibres.Les niveaux d'empoussiCrage et la morphologie moyenne des fibres peuvent Ctre ttablis par ATR, et les rksultats sont compatibles avec ceux de la microscopie optique et de la microscopie Clectronique.

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“…The appearance of pleural mesotheliomas (following direct implantation in the pleural cavity) correlated best with increasing numbers of fibers having both diameters of 025 ,m or less and lengths of more than 8 tim, but relatively high correlations were also noted with fibers having diameters of up to 1.5 Mm and lengths greater than 4 (6), removal of which by etching enhances the pathogenic effects of the dusts toward animals (7) and macrophages (8). (9) showed that the zeta potential of UICC chrysotile A and crocidolite changed on leaching with HCl or Tyrode's solution and there was a significant correlation between zeta potential and the haemolytic activity of chrysotile and crocidolite.…”

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confidence: 98%

Factors involved in the cytotoxicity of UICC amosite towards macrophages.

Davies¹,

Griffiths²,

Preece³

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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The cytotoxicity of various ball-milled UICC amosite samples toward mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was examined. On increased ball milling, the cytotoxicity of the amosite samples fell. This decreased biological activity seemed to correlate best with number of fibers longer than 4 pm/plg dust, rather than total number of fibers or the electrophoretic mobility of the amosite samples.It has been shown that the carcinogenicity of fibrous minerals depends on morphological criteria and not on the chemistry of the materials (1). (9) showed that the zeta potential of UICC chrysotile A and crocidolite changed on leaching with HCl or Tyrode's solution and there was a significant correlation between zeta potential and the haemolytic activity of chrysotile and crocidolite. In this paper we used various ball-milled UICC amosite samples in order to determine the parameters that were important in the dusts, cytotoxicity towards mouse peritoneal macrophages. The surface charge of the samples was determined by laser Doppler velocimetry, a new and rapid method for determining the electrophoretic mobility of a wide range of materials (10). The size distribution of the fibers in the samples was determined by transmission electron microscopy. Materials and Methods Culture of Macrophages with Dusts

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Variation of properties of chrysotile asbestos subjected to milling

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Lysis of Erythrocytes by Silicate Minerals

Lysis of Erythrocytes by Silicate Minerals

Quantitative IR-ATR spectrometry of asbestos fibers on membrane filters

Factors involved in the cytotoxicity of UICC amosite towards macrophages.

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