Variation and taxonomic clarification of the large species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Middle America, Northern South America, and Amazonia

Heyer, W. Ronald

doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v37i3p269-348

Cited by 73 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The major differences between the studies lie in the variables considered to be biologically meaningful based on effect sizes and measurement error relative to the magnitude of the mean differences in the variables between females and males -in these terms, the results of the two studies are quite different. Data for SVL, head length, head width, eyenostril distance, tympanum diameter, thigh length, shank length, and foot length were analyzed previously for L. knudseni, L. pentadactylus, and Middle American pentadactylus (Heyer 2005). As for the Heyer (1994) study, the data were analyzed using t-tests and for all variables other than SVL, arcsine transformed ratio data were used.…”

Section: Comparison With Previously Published Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not all of these variables were examined in earlier studies, so, there are no data or smaller sample sizes for eye-nostril distance and tympanum diameter in some cases. Methods for taking the measurements are those found in Heyer (2005). Head area is calculated as one-half an ellipsoidal conic section fit to the triangular area determined from measured head length and head width of each frog in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, questions regarding biological versus statistical significance were raised for the species Leptodactylus knudseni, L. pentadactylus, and an undescribed species, referred to herein as Middle American pentadactylus (Heyer 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three individuals of about the same SVL were selected for measurement at more-or-less regular intervals spanning the adult size ranges of species of Adenomera and Leptodactylus, with the exception that only one specimen was available for the largest size category. Previous data were available for one individual of Vanzolinius discodactylus (Hayek et al 2001) and a male and female of an undescribed species from Pará, Brasil (Heyer 2005). In addition to the previously available date, the following specimens were re-measured: Adenomera marmorata -USNM 209101, 209110, 209112, Leptodactylus knudseni -USNM 216785, 531513, L. labyrinthicus -USNM 121284, 303175, 370593, 507904, L. leptodactyloides -USNM 202519, 202522, 321214, L. myersi -USNM 302191, L. podicipinus -USNM 148685, 148686, L. rhodomystax -USNM 343256, 343257, 531559, L. vastus -USNM 109144, 109148.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of a recent study, WRH detected an apparent conflict between statistical and biological significance for several morphological variables in a group of large species of the frog genus Leptodactylus (Heyer 2005). WRH brought the problem to LCH, who proposed a study on appropriate statistical methodology for evaluating sexual dimorphism for measurement data in frogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining sexual dimorphism in frog measurement data: integration of statistical significance, measurement error, effect size and biological significance

Hayek

Heyer

2005

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Several analytic techniques have been used to determine sexual dimorphism in vertebrate morphological measurement data with no emergent consensus on which technique is superior. A further confounding problem for frog data is the existence of considerable measurement error. To determine dimorphism, we examine a single hypothesis (Ho = equal means) for two groups (females and males). We demonstrate that frog measurement data meet assumptions for clearly defined statistical hypothesis testing with statistical linear models rather than those of exploratory multivariate techniques such as principal components, correlation or correspondence analysis. In order to distinguish biological from statistical significance of hypotheses, we propose a new protocol that incorporates measurement error and effect size. Measurement error is evaluated with a novel measurement error index. Effect size, widely used in the behavioral sciences and in meta-analysis studies in biology, proves to be the most useful single metric to evaluate whether statistically significant results are biologically meaningful. Definitions for a range of small, medium, and large effect sizes specifically for frog measurement data are provided. Examples with measurement data for species of the frog genus Leptodactylus are presented. The new protocol is recommended not only to evaluate sexual dimorphism for frog data but for any animal measurement data for which the measurement error index and observed or a priori effect sizes can be calculated.

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Section: Comparison With Previously Published Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Determining sexual dimorphism in frog measurement data: integration of statistical significance, measurement error, effect size and biological significance

Hayek

Heyer

2005

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Morphometric Variations in the Skin Layers of Frogs: An Exploration Into Their Relation With Ecological Parameters in Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae), With an Emphasis on the Eberth‐Kastschenko Layer

Ponssa

Barrionuevo

Alcaide

et al. 2017

The Anatomical Record

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Leptodactylus is a genus of frogs known to live in diverse habitats and to show both aquatic and terrestrial breeding habits. We studied 21 species of Leptodactylus to explore whether skin structure specialization relates to habitats and habit variation. Morphometric analyses of the skin thickness revealed that phylogeny has a strong influence on variations in the thickness of the epidermis, stratum spongiosum, Eberth-Kastschenko layer, and stratum compactum, while habitat and habits display no significant correlation. The optimization of the phylogenetic hypothesis suggested that a pattern of intermediate values for skin layer thickness are plesiomorphic for this group. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1895-1909, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Frog Foam Nest Protein Diversity and Synthesis

et al. 2016

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Some amphibian species have developed a breeding strategy in which they deposit their eggs in stable foam nests to protect their eggs and larvae. The frog foam nests are rich in proteins (ranaspumin), especially surfactant proteins, involved in the production of the foam nest. Despite the ecological importance of the foam nests for evolution and species conservation, the biochemical composition, the long-term stability and even the origin of the components are still not completely understood. Recently we showed that Lv-RSN-1, a 23.5-kDa surfactant protein isolated from the nest of the frog Leptodacylus vastus, presents a structural conformation distinct from any protein structures yet reported. So, in the current study we aimed to reveal the protein composition of the foam nest of L. vastus and further characterize the Lv-RSN-1. Proteomic analysis showed the foam nest contains more than 100 of proteins, and that Lv-RSN-1 comprises 45% of the total proteins, suggesting a key role in the nest construction and stability. We demonstrated by Western blotting that Lv-RSN-1 is mainly produced only by the female in the pars convoluta dilata, which highlights the importance of the female preservation for conservation of species that depend on the production of foam nests in the early stages of development. Overall, our results showed the foam nest of L. vastus is composed of a great diversity of proteins and that besides Lv-RSN-1, the main protein in the foam, other proteins must have a coadjuvant role in building and stability of the nest.

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Variation and taxonomic clarification of the large species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Middle America, Northern South America, and Amazonia

Cited by 73 publications

References 18 publications

Determining sexual dimorphism in frog measurement data: integration of statistical significance, measurement error, effect size and biological significance

Determining sexual dimorphism in frog measurement data: integration of statistical significance, measurement error, effect size and biological significance

Morphometric Variations in the Skin Layers of Frogs: An Exploration Into Their Relation With Ecological Parameters in Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae), With an Emphasis on the Eberth‐Kastschenko Layer

Frog Foam Nest Protein Diversity and Synthesis

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