Variant Branching Pattern of Brachial Artery in Context to Its Higher Bifurcation: A Case Report

Abstract

Unlike venous system, variations in arterial anatomy are less frequent and most of them affect visceral arteries. Knowledge regarding the normal and variant arterial anatomy of the upper extremity has significant importance from clinical point of view. As it can guide the vascular radiologist and surgeons for accurate diagnostic interpretation as well as in the conduct of interventional and surgical procedures on the upper extremity. The knowledge of branching pattern of the brachial artery is important during percutaneous arterial catheterization, so as to prevent any complications arising from accidental damage to the anomalous vessel and knowledge of the variations are important for plastic surgeons using flaps for reconstructive surgeries. This variation was found in while dissecting the right arm of a female cadaver aged around 50 yrs. During dissection it was found that the brachial artery bifurcates in the arm and the ulnar artery course superficial to the superficial layer of flexor muscles. When this happens the ulnar artery may be mistaken for a vein. When certain drugs are injected into an artery, the capillary bed is damaged, followed by gangrene. The hand could be severely injured by injecting into superficial ulnar artery.